Table 2.
Baseline demographics
| All (n=111) | Discharged (n=53) | In-hospital mortality (n=58) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean±SD) | 62.02±12.13 | 61.23±12.02 | 62.74±12.28 | 0.367 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 75 (67.6%) | 39 (74%) | 36 (62%) | 0.227 |
| Female | 36 (32.4%) | 14 (26%) | 22 (38%) | |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| CKD | 23 (20.7%) | 13 (24.5%) | 10 (17.2%) | 0.360 |
| Transplant | 2 (1.8%) | 1 (1.8%) | 1 (1.7%) | 1.00 |
| Hypertension | 72 (64.9%) | 35 (66%) | 37 (63.8%) | 0.844 |
| Diabetes | 71 (64.0%) | 27 (51%) | 44 (75.9%) | 0.011 |
| CAD | 19 (17.1%) | 10 (19%) | 9 (15.5%) | 0.802 |
| Underlying respiratory illness | 5 (4.5%) | 4 (7.5%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.191 |
| CVA | 6 (5.4%) | 3 (5.6%) | 3 (5.2%) | 0.814 |
| Others (HIV, malignancy, Kochs, MN, SS) | 15 (13.5%) | 6 (11.3%) | 9 (15.5%) | 0.582 |
| Drugs | ||||
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs | 13 (11.7%) | 8 (15%) | 5 (9%) | 0.379 |
| NSAIDs | 5 (4.5%) | 1 (2%) | 4 (7%) | 0.366 |
| Immunosuppression | 3 (2.7%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (2%) | 0.605 |
| Tenofovir | 2 (1.8%) | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.226 |
| Duration of symptoms at admission (days) | ||||
| 1-4 | 33 (29.7%) | 17 (32%) | 16 (27.6%) | 0.476 |
| 5-9 | 63 (56.8%) | 31 (58.5%) | 32 (55.2%) | |
| >9 | 15 (13.5%) | 5 (9.5%) | 10 (17.2%) | |
| Clinical symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 87 (78.4%) | 39 (74%) | 48 (83%) | 0.258 |
| Cough | 59 (53.2%) | 24 (45%) | 35 (60%) | 0.130 |
| Fatigue | 53 (47.7%) | 27 (50.9%) | 26 (45%) | 0.571 |
| Breathlessness | 96 (86.5%) | 41 (77%) | 55 (95%) | 0.011 |
| Altered sensorium | 59 (53.2%) | 11 (21%) | 48 (83%) | <0.0001 |
| Fluid overload | 14 (12.6%) | 2 (3.8%) | 12 (21%) | 0.016 |
| Vomiting | 5 (4.5%) | 3 (5.7%) | 2 (3%) | 0.534 |
| Loose motions | 15 (13.5%) | 5 (9.4%) | 10 (17%) | 0.234 |
| Clinical course | ||||
| Pulse (mean) | 95.50±18.19 | 86.96±15.64 | 103.29±16.91 | <0.001 |
| Need of ionotropes | 41 (37%) | 1 (1.9%) | 40 (68.9%) | <0.001 |
| Bleeding | 4 (3.6%) | 0 | 4 (6.9%) | 0.058 |
| ARDS | ||||
| No | 21 (18.9%) | 21 (39.6%) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Mild | 18 (16.2%) | 15 (28.3%) | 3 (5.2%) | |
| Moderate | 21 (18.9%) | 11 (20.8%) | 10 (17.2%) | |
| Severe | 51 (45.9%) | 6 (11.3%) | 45 (77.6%) | |
| Need of oxygen | ||||
| No | 21 (18.9%) | 21 (39.6%) | 0 | |
| High Flow Nasal Oxygen/Bag and Mask Ventilation | 54 (48.6%) | 25 (47.2%) | 29 (50%) | <0.001 |
| CPAP/BIPAP | 24 (21.6%) | 7 (13.2%) | 17 (29.3%) | |
| Invasive | 12 (10.8%) | 0 | 12 (20.7%) | |
| Bacterial Infections | ||||
| Cellulitis | 5 (4.5%) | 4 (7.5%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.487 |
| Urinary tract Infection | 3 (2.7%) | 2 (3.7%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0.605 |
| Pneumonia | 3 (2.7%) | 1 (1.9%) | 2 (3.4%) | 0.792 |
SD=standard deviation; CKD=chronic kidney disease; ARDS=Acute respiratory distress syndrome; CAD=coronary artery disease; MN=Membranous Nephropathy; SS=Systemic sclerosis; CVA=cerebrovascular accident; HIV=human immunodeficiency virus; ACE=angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB=angiotensin receptor blocker; NSAID=nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; CPAP=continuous positive airway pressure; BPAP=bilevel positive airway pressure. P Value of less than 0.5 is considered significant and has been highlighted in bold