Table 5.
Gamblers who use the measures to prevent gambling problems. Percentage, chi-square (χ2) and phi (ϕ) and Cramer's V(ϕc) (N = 5,572–5,762).
| Predictors | Pre-committed to affordable amounts | Set temporary player break(s) | Set a permanent exclusion | Taken a self-test for gambling problems | Downloaded an economical overview | Set a time limit—restricts gambling | Contacted help services for help | Let others control the economy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gendera | χ2 = 75.7e. ϕ = 0.115 | χ2 = 45.1e. ϕ = 0.089 | χ2 = 35.5e. ϕ = 0.080 | χ2 = 61.3e. ϕ = 0.104 | χ2 = 65.2e. ϕ = 0.107 | χ2 = 17.3e. ϕ = 0.056 | χ2 = 10.3e. ϕ = 0.044 | χ2 = 17.1e. ϕ = 0.056 |
| Female = 0 | 18.2% | 3.4% | 1.4% | 2.6% | 1.4% | 2.4% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
| Male = 1 | 28.0% | 7.5% | 4.1% | 7.1% | 5.2% | 4.4% | 1.2% | 1.6% |
| Ageb | χ2 = 87.7e. ϕc = 0.123 | χ2 = 47.7e. ϕc = 0.091 | χ2 = 10.7c. ϕc = 0.043 | χ2 = 30.1e. ϕc = 0.072 | χ2 = 6.3f. ϕc = 0.033 | χ2 = 49.0e. ϕc = 0.092 | χ2 = 26.2e. ϕc = 0.067 | χ2 = 39.1e. ϕc = 0.082 |
| 16–17 years | 17.5% | 15.4% | 7.7% | 5.1% | 5.0% | 7.7% | 5.1% | 10.3% |
| 18–25 years | 32.9% | 9.9% | 4.1% | 6.4% | 3.8% | 7.1% | 2.0% | 1.5% |
| 26–65 years | 23.2% | 5.1% | 2.6% | 5.3% | 3.5% | 3.0% | 0.6% | 0.9% |
| 66–74 years | 12.3% | 2.8% | 2.1% | 0.7% | 1.8% | 1.0% | 0.4% | 0.3% |
| Country of birtha | χ2 = 5.3c. ϕ = 0.031 | χ2 = 20.3e. ϕ = 0.061 | χ2 = 18.6e. ϕ = 0.059 | χ2 = 7.5d. ϕ = 0.038 | χ2 = 6.8d. ϕ = 0.037 | χ2 = 4.2c. ϕ = 0.029 | χ2 = 8.4d. ϕ = 0.042 | χ2 = 4.8c. ϕ = 0.032 |
| Western. not Norway = 1 | 27.9% | 10.5% | 6.2% | 7.9% | 5.7% | 5.3% | 2.1% | 2.1% |
| Non-western or Norway = 0 | 22.8% | 5.1% | 2.5% | 4.7% | 3.2% | 3.2% | 0.7% | 0.9% |
| Country of birtha | χ2 = 9.2d. ϕ = 0.041 | χ2 = 110.2e. ϕ = 0.141 | χ2 = 36.8e. ϕ = 0.084 | χ2 = 48.5e. ϕ = 0.0.95 | χ2 = 39.1e. ϕ = 0.086 | χ2 = 107.6e. ϕ = 0.140 | χ2 = 100.0e. ϕ = 0.138 | χ2 = 106.1e. ϕ = 0.141 |
| Non-western. not Norway = 1 | 32.6% | 23.1% | 10.3% | 16.1% | 11.8% | 17.2% | 7.5% | 8.6% |
| Western or Norway = 0 | 22.8% | 4.9% | 2.5% | 4.6% | 3.1% | 2.9% | 0.6% | 0.7% |
| Low-risk games onlya | χ2 = 232.8e ϕ = −0.203 | χ2 = 58.0e. ϕ = −0.102 | χ2 = 24.4e. ϕ = −0.067 | χ2 = 42.1e. ϕ = −0.087 | χ2 = 39.7e. ϕ = −0.085 | χ2 = 40.3e. ϕ = −0.085 | χ2 = 5.1c. ϕ = −0.032 | χ2 = 10.3e. ϕ = −0.045 |
| No = 0 (only or also med/high risk) | 28.2% | 6.9% | 3.4% | 6.1% | 4.3% | 4.3% | 1.0% | 1.3% |
| Yes = 1 | 8.1% | 1.4% | 0.8% | 1.6% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| Participated in random games onlya | χ2 = 297.1e. ϕ = −0.229 | χ2 = 100.0e. ϕ = −0.133 | χ2 = 62.9e. ϕ = −0.106 | χ2 = 106.3e. ϕ = −0.137 | χ2 = 163.6e. ϕ = −0.170 | χ2 = 58.3e. ϕ = −0.102 | χ2 = 26.8e. ϕ = −0.071 | χ2 = 53.4e. ϕ = −0.099 |
| No (only or also skill games) = 0 | 36.3% | 9.7% | 5.2% | 9.0% | 7.5% | 5.9% | 1.6% | 2.3% |
| Yes = 1 | 16.1 % | 3.3% | 1.5% | 2.7% | 1.1% | 2.0% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| Game spendinga | χ2 = 92.9e. ϕ = 0.130 | χ2 = 113.6e. ϕ = 0.144 | χ2 = 135.2e. ϕ = 0.157 | χ2 = 45.0e. ϕ = 0.091 | χ2 = 67.5e. ϕ = 0.111 | χ2 = 28.3e. ϕ = 0.073 | χ2 = 40.8e. ϕ = 0.089 | χ2 = 112.9e. ϕ = 0.145 |
| Low = 0 | 21.4% | 4.4% | 1.9% | 4.4% | 2.7% | 3.0% | 0.5% | 0.5% |
| High = 1 | 38.8% | 14.9% | 10.1% | 10.7% | 9.1% | 7.2% | 3.0% | 5.1% |
| Gambled onlinea | χ2 = 734.6e. ϕ = 0.358 | χ2 = 127.9e. ϕ = 0.150 | χ2 = 42.1e. ϕ = 0.087 | χ2 = 138.8e. ϕ = 0.156 | χ2 = 100.9e. ϕ = 0.134 | χ2 = 79.9e. ϕ = 0.119 | χ2 = 14.4e. ϕ = 0.052 | χ2 = 20.5e. ϕ = 0.061 |
| No = 0 | 5.3% | 1.5% | 1.1% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 0.8% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| Yes = 1 | 36.0% | 8.4% | 4.0% | 7.8% | 5.4% | 5.2% | 1.2% | 1.5% |
| Moderate risk or problem gamblersa | χ2 = 182.8e. ϕ = 0.179 | χ2 = 615.3e. ϕ = 0.329 | χ2 = 427.5e. ϕ = 0.275 | χ2 = 287.5e. ϕ = 0.225 | χ2 = 202.5e. ϕ = 0.190 | χ2 = 277.1e. ϕ = 0.222 | χ2 = 290.6e. ϕ = 0.229 | χ2 = 531.7e. ϕ = 0.308 |
| No = 0 | 21.2% | 3.5% | 1.6% | 3.6% | 2.4% | 2.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| Yes = 1 | 51.0% | 33.2% | 19.4% | 22.9% | 15.9% | 18.1% | 8.3% | 12.3% |
| Self-report. impact. gamb. adv.a | χ2 = 75.5e. ϕ = 0.116 | χ2 = 36.4e. ϕ = 0.081 | χ2 = 11.7e. ϕ = 0.047 | χ2 = 9.6d. ϕ = 0.042 | χ2 = 16.4e. ϕ = 0.055 | χ2 = 35.0e. ϕ = 0.080 | χ2 = 17.8e. ϕ = 0.058 | χ2 = 27.6e. ϕ = 0.072 |
| Lower composite score = 0 | 18.3% | 3.6% | 2.0% | 4.0% | 2.3% | 1.9% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
| Higher composite score = 1 | 28.1% | 7.3% | 3.5% | 5.8% | 4.3% | 4.8% | 1.3% | 1.6% |
| Beliefs in RG measuresa | χ2 = 70.5e. ϕ = 0.112 | χ2 = 9.3d. ϕ = 0.041 | χ2 = 2.6f. ϕ = 0.023 |
χ2 = 4.7c. ϕ = 0.030 | χ2 = 0.6f. ϕ = 0.004 |
χ2 = 16.2e. ϕ = 0.054 | χ2 = 0.8f. ϕ = 0.014 |
χ2 = 1.4f. ϕ = 0.018 |
| Lower composite score = 0 | 18.6% | 4.6% | 2.4% | 4.3% | 3.3% | 2.5% | 0.7% | 0.8% |
| Higher composite score = 1 | 28.0% | 6.5% | 3.2% | 5.6% | 3.5% | 4.4% | 0.9% | 1.2% |
a
df = 1.
b
df = 3 and Cramer's V (ϕc).
c
p < 05,
d
p < 0.01,
e
p < 0.001,
f
Non-significant.