Table 3.
Sample Characteristics and Descriptive Statistics
| Characteristics | Total, n = 807 | Control, n = 349 | Maltreatment, n = 458 | Test Statistic | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, Female, n (%) | 427 (52.9%) | 178 (51.0%) | 249 (54.4%) | χ21 = 0.77 | .380 |
| Race, White, Non-Hispanic, n (%) | 478 (59.2%) | 210 (60.2%) | 268 (58.5%) | χ21 = 0.16 | .688 |
| Age at Interview 3, Years, Mean (SD) | 41.20 (3.54) | 41.11 (3.58) | 41.27 (3.51) | t741 = 0.67 | .505 |
| Socioeconomic Status | |||||
| Household income <$20,000, n (%) | 231 (28.6%) | 66 (18.9%) | 165 (36%) | χ21 = 33.23 | <.001 |
| Receiving public assistance, n (%) | 142 (17.6%) | 42 (12%) | 100 (21.8%) | χ21 = 13.25 | <.001 |
| Unemployed, n (%) | 154 (19.1%) | 50 (14.3%) | 104 (22.7%) | χ21 = 9.15 | .002 |
| Neighborhood-Level SES, Mean (SD) | 0.62 (2.83) | 0.25 (2.90) | 0.91 (2.75) | t668 = 3.14 | .002 |
| The Quick Test Score (Raw), Mean (SD) | 37.16 (6.08) | 38.94 (5.63) | 35.79 (6.07) | t722 = 7.27 | <.001 |
| Blood Lead Sample, n | 556 | 233 | 323 | ||
| Blood Lead Level, μg/dL, Mean (SD) | 3.30 (1.91) | 3.36 (2.14) | 3.27 (1.72) | t432 = 0.55 | .584 |
| Arrests After Blood Collection | |||||
| All arrests, No., mean (SD) | 1.26 (4.13) | 0.84 (2.79) | 1.58 (4.90) | t789 = 2.53 | .012 |
| Violent arrests, No., mean (SD) | 0.17 (0.71) | 0.08 (0.40) | 0.23 (0.87) | t802 = 2.95 | .003 |
| Arrested, n (%) | 199 (24.7%) | 68 (19.5%) | 131 (28.6%) | χ21 = 8.38 | .004 |
| Arrested for violent crime, n (%) | 67 (8.3%) | 18 (5.2%) | 49 (10.7%) | χ21 = 7.28 | .007 |
Neighborhood-level SES is based on geocoded census tract data and reflects the sum of z scores of three items to assess economic disadvantage.
SES, socioeconomic status.