Table 1:
Demographics
| DM (n = 158) | CLE (n = 122) | AIBD (n = 31) | Control (n = 139) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex – n (%) | Female | 138 (87.3) | 102 (83.6) | 22 (71.0) | 108 (77.7) |
| Male | 20 (12.6) | 20 (16.4) | 9 (29.0) | 31 (22.3) | |
| Race – n (%) | White | 129 (81.6) | 64 (52.5) | 19 (61.3) | 113 (81.3) |
| Black | 13 (8.2) | 39 (32.0) | 1 (3.2) | 7 (5.0) | |
| Asian | 5 (3.2) | 9 (7.4) | 4 (12.9) | 10 (7.2) | |
| Other | 11 (7.0) | 10 (8.2) | 7 (22.6) | 9 (6.5) | |
| Age at Disease Onset – Median (IQR) | 50.0 (40.1 – 58.2) | 34.8 (26.0 –47.5) | 55.3 (49.6 – 65.2) | N/A | |
| Age at Clinic Visit – Median (IQR) | 56.0 (48.1 – 67.1) | 51.5 (40.6 – 62.4) | 64.9 (56.8 – 76.9) | 55.1 (35.1 – 66.0) | |
| Spirulina | n (%) | 23 (14.6) | 5 (4.1) | 0 (0) | 6 (4.3) |
| OR | 3.76 | 0.95 | 0 | N/A | |
| p-value | 0.0031 | NS | NS | N/A | |
| Echinacea | n (%) | 4 (2.5) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (3.2) | 2 (1.4) |
| OR | 1.78 | 1.14 | 2.27 | N/A | |
| p-value | NS | NS | NS | N/A | |
| Aphanizomenon | n (%) | 4 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (0.7) |
| OR | 3.57 | 0 | 9.33 | N/A | |
| p-value | NS | NS | NS | N/A | |
| Chlorella | n (%) | 12 (7.6) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (3.2) | 4 (2.9) |
| OR | 2.77 | 0.56 | 1.12 | N/A | |
| p-value | NS | NS | NS | N/A | |
| Alfalfa | n (%) | 3 (1.9) | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.4) |
| OR | 1.32 | 1.14 | 0 | N/A | |
| p-value | NS | NS | NS | N/A | |
| Any Herbal | n (%) | 31 (19.6) | 7 (5.7) | 2 (6.5) | 7 (5.0) |
| OR | 4.58 | 1.15 | 1.30 | N/A | |
| p-value | 0.0002 | NS | NS | N/A | |
DM – Dermatomyositis; CLE – Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus; AIBD – Autoimmune Blistering Disease; N/A – Not Applicable; OR – Odds Ratio; IQR – Interquartile Range; NS – Not Statistically Significant (p > 0.05)