Table 3. Baseline concentrations of selected proteins in Tasso SST serum samples from healthy controls and COVID-19 patients (pooled data from both study sites).

Concentrations are given as the median and interquartile range, and sorted by adjusted Mann-Whitney U test q-values. *Note the high proportion of samples with D-dimer concentrations above the ULoQ, particularly in the self-collected protocol (NHRC). Boxplots for each analyte are given in S4 Fig.

Comparison between Tasso SST serum protein concentrations of healthy controls and COVID-19 patients at enrolment
	Healthy controls	COVID-19	MW U test
Analyte	n = 48	n = 57	q-value
D-dimer*	0.40 μg/ml (0.15–2.55)	6.82 μg/ml (1.45–26.36)	4.3E-06
IL-1B	0.02 pg/ml (0–0.88)	1.67 pg/ml (0.32–13.00)	4.3E-06
IL-6	1.64 pg/ml (1.04–2.55)	5.67 pg/ml (1.72–34.60)	1.9E-04
CXCL10	110 pg/ml (84–162)	194 pg/ml (127–454)	2.0E-04
VEGF-A	152 pg/ml (91–231)	295 pg/ml (185–372)	2.4E-04
TNF-R1	1.00 ng/ml (0.81–1.09)	1.14 ng/ml (0.98–1.26)	2.5E-04
LCN	82.0 ng/ml (69.5–106.9)	116.9 ng/ml (86.9–223.4)	3.2E-04
CRP	1.03 μg/ml (0.38–2.33)	2.59 μg/ml (1.01–5.06)	0.003
IL-1Ra	1.58 ng/ml (1.13–2.17)	2.53 ng/ml (1.48–4.03)	0.005
Ferritin	97 ng/ml (58–159)	136 ng/ml (76–331)	0.034
CD163	449 ng/ml (347–579)	536 ng/ml (430–693)	0.035
ICAM-1	302 ng/ml (261–358)	327 ng/ml (284–378)	0.118
IL-5	0.16 pg/ml (0–0.30)	0.21 pg/ml (0–0.35)	0.118
IL-18BPa	4.23 ng/ml (3.85–5.41)	4.82 ng/ml (4.13–5.53)	0.141
PCT	50.9 pg/ml (39.0–69.7)	44.8 pg/ml (32.1–68.2)	0.202
RAGE	1.00 ng/ml (0.73–1.16)	0.87 ng/ml (0.75–1.12)	0.826
IL-6Ra	45.8 ng/ml (35.7–52.0)	42.6 ng/ml (35.2–51.1)	0.972