Skip to main content
. 2022 Aug 10;17(8):e0270986. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270986

Table 1. Patient characteristics.

Overall (n = 55,064) Japan (n = 43,381) Singapore (n = 2,816) Thailand (n = 183) UAE (n = 380) Korea (n = 5,531) Malaysia (n = 202) Taiwan (n = 2,571)
Age, year (mean±SD) 76.0 (15.8) 74.6 (15.0) 65.5 (15.6) 60.7 (19.1) 51.7 (16.1) 68.0 (16.4) 59.0 (16.4) 77.0 (16.4)
Age ≥73 y/oa, n (%) 32,185 (58.5) 27,333 (61.6) 1,011 (35.9) 61 (33.3) 44 (11.6) 2,181 (39.4) 42 (20.8) 1,513 (58.9)
Male, n (%) 32,750 (59.5) 25,036 (56.4) 1,864 (66.2) 121 (66.1) 315 (82.9) 3,633 (65.7) 141 (69.8) 1,640 (63.8)
Shockable rhythm 5,646 (10.2) 3,733 (8.6) 542 (19.2) 14 (7.7) 79 (20.8) 1,014 (18.3) 8 (4.0) 256 (10.0)
VT 177 (0.3) 74 (0.2) 16 (0.5) 0 (0.0) 6 (1.6) 74 (1.3) 0 (0.0) 7 (0.3)
VF 4,299 (7.8) 2,615 (6.0) 514 (18.3) 14 (7.7) 67 (17.6) 839 (15.2) 2 (1.0) 248 (9.6)
Unknown shockable 1,170 (2.1) 1,044 (2.4) 12 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 6 (1.6) 101 (1.8) 6 (3.0) 1 (0.04)
Non-shockable rhythm 48,560 (88.2) 39,612 (91.3) 2,272 (80.7) 111 (60.6) 301 (79.2) 4,125 (74.6) 128 (63.4) 2,011 (78.2)
Asystole 27,335 (49.6) 20,695 (47.7) 1,505 (53.4) 93 (50.8) 261 (68.7) 3,202 (57.9) 50 (24.8) 1,529 (59.5)
PEA 8,243 (15.0) 6,219 (14.3) 748 (26.6) 17 (9.3) 34 (8.9) 758 (13.7) 3 (1.5) 464 (18.0)
Unknown non-shockable 12,982 (23.6) 12,698 (29.3) 19 (0.7) 1 (0.5) 6 (1.6) 165 (3.0) 75 (37.1) 18 (0.7)
Unknown 858 (1.6) 36 (0.1) 2 (0.1) 58 (31.7) 0 (0.0) 392 (7.1) 66 (32.6) 304 (11.8)
Pre-hospital defibrillation, n (%) 7,695 (14.0) 5,080 (11.4) 682 (24.2) 27 (14.8) 140 (36.8) 1,449 (26.2) 9 (4.5) 308 (12.0)
Cardiac arrest witnessed, n (%)
Not witnessed 31,398 (57.0) 25,609 (59.0) 1,211 (43.0) 52 (28.4) 192 (50.5) 2,508 (45.3) 72 (35.6) 1,754 (68.2)
Bystander-witnessed 19,602 (35.6) 14,588 (33.6) 1,399 (49.7) 117 (63.9) 176 (46.3) 2654 (48.0) 108 (53.5) 560 (21.8)
EMS-witnessed 4,064 (7.4) 3,184 (7.4) 206 (7.3) 14 (7.7) 12 (3.2) 369 (6.7) 22 (10.9) 257 (10.0)
Bystander CPR, n (%) 20,521 (37.3) 16,716 (38.5) 635 (22.6) 38 (20.8) 39 (10.3) 2328 (42.1) 61 (30.2) 704 (27.4)
Pre-hospital ROSC, n (%) 4,653 (8.5) 3,831 (8.8) 145 (5.2) 39 (21.3) 14 (3.7) 307 (5.6) 7 (3.5) 310 (12.1)
Survival to discharge 3,287 (6.0) 2,390 (5.5) 89 (3.2) 11 (6.0) 13 (3.4) 591 (10.7) 5 (2.5) 188 (7.3)

aAge ≥73 y/o is one of the TOR criteria in the Shibahashi TORR.

VT, ventricular tachycardia; VF, ventricular fibrillation; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; EMS, emergency medical service; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation.