Table 1. Patient characteristics.
Overall (n = 55,064) | Japan (n = 43,381) | Singapore (n = 2,816) | Thailand (n = 183) | UAE (n = 380) | Korea (n = 5,531) | Malaysia (n = 202) | Taiwan (n = 2,571) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, year (mean±SD) | 76.0 (15.8) | 74.6 (15.0) | 65.5 (15.6) | 60.7 (19.1) | 51.7 (16.1) | 68.0 (16.4) | 59.0 (16.4) | 77.0 (16.4) |
Age ≥73 y/oa, n (%) | 32,185 (58.5) | 27,333 (61.6) | 1,011 (35.9) | 61 (33.3) | 44 (11.6) | 2,181 (39.4) | 42 (20.8) | 1,513 (58.9) |
Male, n (%) | 32,750 (59.5) | 25,036 (56.4) | 1,864 (66.2) | 121 (66.1) | 315 (82.9) | 3,633 (65.7) | 141 (69.8) | 1,640 (63.8) |
Shockable rhythm | 5,646 (10.2) | 3,733 (8.6) | 542 (19.2) | 14 (7.7) | 79 (20.8) | 1,014 (18.3) | 8 (4.0) | 256 (10.0) |
VT | 177 (0.3) | 74 (0.2) | 16 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.6) | 74 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.3) |
VF | 4,299 (7.8) | 2,615 (6.0) | 514 (18.3) | 14 (7.7) | 67 (17.6) | 839 (15.2) | 2 (1.0) | 248 (9.6) |
Unknown shockable | 1,170 (2.1) | 1,044 (2.4) | 12 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.6) | 101 (1.8) | 6 (3.0) | 1 (0.04) |
Non-shockable rhythm | 48,560 (88.2) | 39,612 (91.3) | 2,272 (80.7) | 111 (60.6) | 301 (79.2) | 4,125 (74.6) | 128 (63.4) | 2,011 (78.2) |
Asystole | 27,335 (49.6) | 20,695 (47.7) | 1,505 (53.4) | 93 (50.8) | 261 (68.7) | 3,202 (57.9) | 50 (24.8) | 1,529 (59.5) |
PEA | 8,243 (15.0) | 6,219 (14.3) | 748 (26.6) | 17 (9.3) | 34 (8.9) | 758 (13.7) | 3 (1.5) | 464 (18.0) |
Unknown non-shockable | 12,982 (23.6) | 12,698 (29.3) | 19 (0.7) | 1 (0.5) | 6 (1.6) | 165 (3.0) | 75 (37.1) | 18 (0.7) |
Unknown | 858 (1.6) | 36 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 58 (31.7) | 0 (0.0) | 392 (7.1) | 66 (32.6) | 304 (11.8) |
Pre-hospital defibrillation, n (%) | 7,695 (14.0) | 5,080 (11.4) | 682 (24.2) | 27 (14.8) | 140 (36.8) | 1,449 (26.2) | 9 (4.5) | 308 (12.0) |
Cardiac arrest witnessed, n (%) | ||||||||
Not witnessed | 31,398 (57.0) | 25,609 (59.0) | 1,211 (43.0) | 52 (28.4) | 192 (50.5) | 2,508 (45.3) | 72 (35.6) | 1,754 (68.2) |
Bystander-witnessed | 19,602 (35.6) | 14,588 (33.6) | 1,399 (49.7) | 117 (63.9) | 176 (46.3) | 2654 (48.0) | 108 (53.5) | 560 (21.8) |
EMS-witnessed | 4,064 (7.4) | 3,184 (7.4) | 206 (7.3) | 14 (7.7) | 12 (3.2) | 369 (6.7) | 22 (10.9) | 257 (10.0) |
Bystander CPR, n (%) | 20,521 (37.3) | 16,716 (38.5) | 635 (22.6) | 38 (20.8) | 39 (10.3) | 2328 (42.1) | 61 (30.2) | 704 (27.4) |
Pre-hospital ROSC, n (%) | 4,653 (8.5) | 3,831 (8.8) | 145 (5.2) | 39 (21.3) | 14 (3.7) | 307 (5.6) | 7 (3.5) | 310 (12.1) |
Survival to discharge | 3,287 (6.0) | 2,390 (5.5) | 89 (3.2) | 11 (6.0) | 13 (3.4) | 591 (10.7) | 5 (2.5) | 188 (7.3) |
aAge ≥73 y/o is one of the TOR criteria in the Shibahashi TORR.
VT, ventricular tachycardia; VF, ventricular fibrillation; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; EMS, emergency medical service; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation.