. 2022 Aug 10;17(8):e0272776. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272776

Table 3. Effect of non-targeted CSNPs and targeted bee venom-loaded CSNPs on Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 9, and caspase 3 genes expression in HepG2 cells.

Groups	Relative expression of genes
Groups	Bax	Bcl-2	Caspase-9	Caspase-3
Non-treated HepG2 cells	3.5±0.01 ^d	144.56±3.55 ^a	0.047±0.001 ^c	0.04±0.002 ^d
Bee Venom-treated cells	455.54±4.66 ^b	33.60±1.54 ^c	3.52±0.21 ^a	79.15±3.54 ^b
Non-targeted CSNPs	147.05±3.87 ^c	88.28±2.70 ^b	1.08±0.16 ^b	3.34±0.27 ^c
Targeted bee venom-CSNPs	887.75±4.65 ^a	14.65±1.15 ^d	4.74±0.23 ^a	1902.01±10.54 ^a

Values are expressed as mean ± SE, (n = 3), means for the same parameter with different letters in each bar are significantly different (p < 0.01), where the highest data value takes the letter (a).