Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Whole sample | Men | Women | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 25 896) | (n = 12 408) | (n = 13 488) | |
| Age at imaging (years) | 62.9 (±7.5) | 63.6 (±7.6) | 62.2 (±7.4) |
| Townsend deprivation index | −2.7 (−3.9, −0.7) | −2.7 (−4.0, −0.7) | −2.6 (−3.9, −0.7) |
| Education | |||
| Left school ≤14 years without qualifications | 67 (0.3%) | 38 (0.3%) | 29 (0.2%) |
| Left school ≥ 15 years without qualifications | 1844 (7.1%) | 855 (6.9%) | 989 (7.3%) |
| Secondary school qualification | 3485 (13.5%) | 1313 (10.6%) | 2172 (16.1%) |
| A levels/AS levels or equivalent | 1465 (5.7%) | 653 (5.3%) | 812 (6.0%) |
| Other professional qualification | 7258 (28.0%) | 3666 (29.5%) | 3592 (26.6%) |
| Higher education (e.g. university) degree | 11 511 (44.5%) | 5755 (46.4%) | 5756 (42.7%) |
| Missing | 266 (1.0%) | 128 (1.0%) | 138 (1.0%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.9 (23.5, 28.9) | 26.5 (24.3, 29.1) | 25.3 (22.8, 28.6) |
| Physical activity (summed MET-min/week) | 1899 (896, 3573) | 1971 (958, 3666) | 1838 (834, 3514) |
| Smoker (current) | 960 (3.7%) | 540 (4.4%) | 420 (3.1%) |
| Hypertension | 8471 (32.7%) | 4914 (39.6%) | 3557 (26.4%) |
| High cholesterol | 8947 (34.5%) | 5117 (41.2%) | 3830 (28.4%) |
| Diabetes | 1485 (5.7%) | 924 (7.4%) | 561 (4.2%) |
| Prevalent cardiovascular disease | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 386 (1.5%) | 273 (2.2%) | 113 (0.8%) |
| Stroke | 503 (1.9%) | 320 (2.6%) | 183 (1.4%) |
| IHD | 1560 (6.0%) | 1092 (8.8%) | 468 (3.5%) |
| MI | 633 (2.4%) | 502 (4.0%) | 131 (1.0%) |
| Incident CVD and mortality outcomes | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 180 (0.7%) | 127 (1.0%) | 53 (0.4%) |
| Stroke | 178 (0.7%) | 114 (0.9%) | 64 (0.5%) |
| IHD | 530 (2.0%) | 347 (2.8%) | 183 (1.4%) |
| MI | 197 (0.8%) | 140 (1.1%) | 57 (0.4%) |
| All-cause mortality | 331 (1.3%) | 220 (1.8%) | 111 (0.8%) |
| CVD mortality | 58 (0.2%) | 44 (0.4%) | 14 (0.1%) |
| Any of AF, stroke, IHD, MI, or CVD death | 880 (3.4%) | 583 (4.7%) | 297 (2.2%) |
| CMR metrics | |||
| LAV (mL) | 70.0 (57.0, 85.3) | 75.9 (61.1, 92.6) | 65.9 (54.5, 78.7) |
| LAVi (mL/m2) | 38.0 (31.5, 45.4) | 38.0 (30.9, 46.0) | 38.1 (31.9, 45.0) |
| LAEF (%) | 61.3 (±9.1) | 60.6 (±9.6) | 61.9 (±8.5) |
| LVM : LVEDV (g/mL) | 0.57 (0.52, 0.63) | 0.60 (0.56, 0.66) | 0.54 (0.50, 0.59) |
| LVSVi (mL/m2) | 47.1 (±8.4) | 48.8 (±9.1) | 45.6 (±7.4) |
| LVEF (%) | 59.6 (±6.1) | 57.8 (±6.1) | 61.1 (±5.5) |
| LVGFI (%) | 47.7 (±6.8) | 44.8 (±6.2) | 50.4 (±6.2) |
| GLS (%) | −18.5 (±2.7) | −17.8 (±2.6) | −19.1 (±2.7) |
Counts variables are presented as number (percentage), continuous variables as mean (standard deviation) or median (inter-quartile range) based on skew.
BMI, body mass index; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GLS, global longitudinal strain; i, indexation to body surface area; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; LAEF, left atrial ejection fraction; LAV, maximum left atrial volume; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVGFI, left ventricular global function index; MET, metabolic equivalent; MI, myocardial infarction.