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Characteristics of participants (χ ± s).
| Group | Number (male/female) | Age (y) |
Duration (y) |
Weight (kg) |
BMI (kg/m2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 17 (7/10) | 64.24 ± 9.24 | 6.88 ± 6.26 | 66.91 ± 8.82 | 25.66 ± 1.12 |
| Routine massage | 18 (9/9) | 67.50 ± 6.72 | 8.11 ± 7.88 | 67.57 ± 6.93 | 25.20 ± 1.25 |
| Abdominal massage | 19 (9/10) | 63.11 ± 6.83 | 6.16 ± 5.59 | 70.27 ± 7.81 | 26.00 ± 2.18 |
| P value | 0.87 | 0.21 | 0.67 | 0.40 | 0.33 |
