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. 2022 Mar 21;51(4):1317–1327. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyac042

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Hazard ratios for renal cell carcinoma from EPIC and UKB per standard deviation on diastolic and systolic blood pressure as a function of time from blood pressure measurement to diagnosis. Model-based HR point estimates are indicated for blood pressure measurements taken 10 years, 5 years and 2 months prior to diagnosis. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using flexible parametric survival models for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), respectively, using follow-up time as the timescale, adjusted for age at baseline and additionally stratified by sex, country and cohorts. (A) DBP standard adjustment model; (B) DBP adjusted for SBP in addition to standard variables; (C) DBP adjusted for SBP, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, weekly alcohol intake (in grams) and smoking status in addition to standard variables; (D) SBP standard adjustment model; (E) SBP adjusted for DBP in addition to standard variables; (F) SBP adjusted for DBP, BMI, hypertension, weekly alcohol intake (in grams) and smoking status in addition to standard variables. In addition, histograms of number of RCC cases are shown. EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition; UKB, UK Biobank.