Table 3.

Survey instrument, domain content, and measures included in the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), Wave 1, 2017–1

Survey schedules and modules	Domain content	Measures
Household survey
Household environment	Housing, electricity, water, sanitation,and indoor air pollution	Households with separate bedrooms and kitchen Households by types of toilet facility Sources of drinking water and their location Exposure to indoor pollution and its type
Household consumption	Household food consumption in the past 7 days and non-food consumption in the past year Household health expenditures for outpatient and inpatient care	Monthly per capita consumption expenditure Share of expenditure on food and non-food items Out-of-pocket health expenditure
Household assets and debts	Ownership and list of housing assets and commercial property, agricultural and nonagricultural land, agricultural assets and livestock, and nonfinancial assets. Details of debts and personal loans	Value of household wealth including nonfinancial and financial assets Income generated from assets Households with loans, mortgages and reverse mortgages
Household income	Income from agricultural and allied sources. Nonagricultural business income. Individual earnings from wages and salaries. Income from self-employment. Pension income/transfers. Other household income	Annual per capita household income Share of income by sources income and per capita income of household
Household health insurance	Health insurance coverage and premium paid	Household insurance coverage
Individual survey
Demographics	Age, sex, education, marital status, religion, caste, language, and migration	Demographics of survey participants
Work, retirement and pension	Past and current work. Job characteristics. Social insurance. Retirement and pension characteristics	% of survey participants ever worked/currently working Type of industry of work/type of occupation Quality and satisfaction with job % individuals officially retired from organized sector % of survey participants receiving pension
Self-reported health	Diseases and health conditions. Functional limitations and helpers. Family medical history. Mental health: cognition and depression. Women’s health. Health and behaviour. Food security	Self-reported diagnosed chronic health conditions: cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, lung diseases, bone and bone-related diseases, eye problems, hearing problems, angina, sleep problems, family medical history, women’s health problems ADL and IADL limitations Mental health disorders: dementia and depression; severity of these disorders Levels of cognitive ability and cognitive limitations Tobacco, alcohol, physical activity and yoga Type of health care provider for diagnosis and treatment of health conditions Functional limitations in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living Use of various aids or any other supportive devices Tobacco/alcohol consumption and duration of smoking Food insecurity
Health care access and utilization	Healthcare utilization in the past 12 months. Hospitalization in the past 12 months. Most recent outpatient visit. Health insurance	Availability of and accessibility to health care services Outpatient rate Inpatient (hospitalization) rate Mean out-of-pocket expenditure on outpatient/inpatient care Indirect cost of hospitaliation Coverage of health insurance and benefits received by people through various schemes Awareness and coverage of health insurance Quality of care and family support during hospitalization
Family and social networks	Spouse, children and grandchildren network. Parents, siblings and friends network. Living arrangements. Social support and social activities. Instrumental care. Intra-household decision making. Psychosocial measures and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CESD)-scale	Living arrangements Frequency of communication with family and friends Received/provided financial support from/to family members % providing care to family members in their daily activities, type and frequency of care provided, and whether caregiving interferes with other roles/responsibilities Participation in social organizations/social activities Decision making and life satisfaction Type of social support network Experience of ill-treatment and neglect, type of ill-treatment and perpetrators of ill-treatment
Social welfare schemes	Social welfare schemes for older people (aged 60 years and older)	Awareness of various welfare schemes and concessions given by the government Received benefits/concessions
Experimental modules	Time use/expectations/social connectedness/vignettes	Time use patterns, life expectations, level of social connectedness, and anchoring of vignettes
Direct health examinations
Biomarkers	Blood pressure, pulse rate, hand grip strength, timed walk, balance tests, vision tests, spirometry, height, weight, hip and waist circumference, dried blood sample collection for blood-based tests: Hb, HbA1c, hs-CRP (tests are in progress)	Measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure; prevalence of hypertension and undiagnosed hypertension Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity Prevalence of high-risk waist-hip ratio Prevalence of anaemia, diabetes and risk for chronic inflammatory conditions Prevalence of anaemia, diabetes and high-risk chronic inflammatory diseases
Community survey
Community questionnaire	Rural community survey Urban community survey	Basic demographics and socioeconomic information collected from Census 2011 Availability of and access to health infrastructure facilities: subcentre, primary health centre and community health centre Availability of public infrastructure facilities and basic amenities such as: transportation; drinking water, electricity, drainage and sanitation facilities; roads; post offices; police stations; banks; playgrounds; parks; public distribution shops; and government and private educational institutions Access to government health and social welfare programmes