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. 2022 Jul 13;608(7922):374–380. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04954-0

Fig. 5. Post-ingestive changes in fluid balance drive learning about fluids via VTA-DA neurons.

Fig. 5

a, Schematic of closed-loop system for fluid preference training. Mice are hydrated by consumption of one flavoured solution (flavour A) and mildly dehydrated by another (flavour B) via intragastric infusion of water or saline that is triggered by licking. b, Preference for flavour A before and after training. c, Changes in total consumption on the first and last days of training. d, Left, GRAB-DA fluorescence in mSh and BLA during consumption of the dehydrating solution on first and last training days. Right, summary plots of lick-triggered GRAB-DA responses on first and last training days with each solution. e, Inhibiting VTA-DA neurons during training selectively after water access has been removed (minutes 10–60) eliminates preference learning in mice expressing GtACR but not in mCherry controls. Data are mean ± s.e.m. Statistics are shown in Extended Data Table 4.