Table 2.
Cumulative risk of mortality in children with and without a history of bacterial meningitis
|
Denmark |
The Netherlands |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial meningitis cohort (95% CI)* | Comparison cohort (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | p value | Bacterial meningitis cohort (95% CI) | Comparison cohort (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
| All pathogens | ||||||||
| <3 months | 3·9% (2·6–5·8) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | .. | .. | 5·9% (4·7–7·0) | 0·1% (0·1–0·1) | 74·1 (41·5–132·4) | <0·0001 |
| <5 years | 4·8% (3·3–6·9) | 0·1% (0·0–0·2) | 55·5 (21·4–144·1) | <0·0001 | 8·0% (6·5–9·1) | 0·3% (0·2–0·4) | 28·7 (20·1–41·0) | <0·0001 |
| <10 years | 4·8% (3·3–6·9) | 0·1% (0·1–0·3) | 46·3 (19·1–112·1) | <0·0001 | 10·1% (8·2–11·4) | 0·3% (0·2–0·4) | 24·1 (17·4–33·3) | <0·0001 |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | ||||||||
| <3 months | 3·9% (1·9–8·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | .. | .. | 8·7% (5·8–11·9) | 0·3% (0·1–0·5) | 35·2 (16·0–77·4) | <0·0001 |
| <5 years | 5·2% (2·7–9·7) | 0·1% (0·01–0·4) | 93·4 (11·8–736·9) | <0·0001 | 10·5% (7·0–14·1) | 0·5% (0·3–0·8) | 21·2 (11·0–41·0) | <0·0001 |
| <10 years | 5·2% (2·7–9·7) | 0·1% (0·01–0·4) | 93·4 (11·8–736·9) | <0·0001 | 17·6% (11·8–21·8) | 0·7% (0·4–1·2) | 21·0 (11·2–39·5) | <0·0001 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | ||||||||
| <3 months | 3·9% (1·9–8·1) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | .. | .. | 5·5% (3·7–7·6) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | .. | .. |
| <5 years | 4·5% (2·3–8·8) | 0·1% (0·01–0·4) | 81·7 (10·2–652·8) | <0·0001 | 8·5% (6·1–11·0) | 0·2% (0·1–0·4) | 45·6 (22·1–94·0) | <0·0001 |
| <10 years | 4·5% (2·3–8·8) | 0·1% (0·03–0·5) | 40·9 (8·7–192·7) | <0·0001 | 10·6% (7·6–13·3) | 0·3% (0·1–0·5) | 40·6 (21·0–78·7) | <0·0001 |
| Neisseria meningitidis | ||||||||
| <3 months | 2·1% (0·7–6·4) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | .. | .. | 4·9% (3·2–7·2) | 0·0% (0·0–0·2) | 116·6 (27·5–494·7) | <0·0001 |
| <5 years | 2·1% (0·7–6·4) | 0·1% (0·04–0·6) | 15·3 (2·6–91·6) | 0·0028 | 5·6% (3·7–7·9) | 0·2% (0·1–0·4) | 28·0 (13·1–60·1) | <0·0001 |
| <10 years | 2·1% (0·7–6·4) | 0·1% (0·04–0·6) | 15·3 (2·6–91·6) | 0·0028 | 6·2% (4·2–8·7) | 0·4% (0·2–0·6) | 17·5 (9·3–33·1) | <0·0001 |
| Haemophilus influenzae | ||||||||
| <3 months | 6·7% (1·0–38·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | .. | .. | 2·3% (0·6–8·7) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | .. | .. |
| <5 years | 13·9% (3·6–45·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | .. | .. | 3·7% (1·2–10·9) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | .. | .. |
| <10 years | 13·9% (3·6–45·0) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | .. | .. | 4·5% (1·4–12·9) | 0·2% (0·02–1·1) | 19·1 (1·8–206·6) | 0·015 |
| Escherichia coli | ||||||||
| <3 months | 6·9% (2·7–17·3) | 0·0% (0·0–0·0) | .. | .. | 5·7% (2·8–10·7) | 0·1% (0·0–0·6) | 41·4 (8·8–194·8) | <0·0001 |
| <5 years | 8·7% (3·7–19·7) | 0·2% (0·03–1·4) | 52·2 (6·1–447·2) | 0·0003 | 9·2% (5·0–15·3) | 0·6% (0·3–1·2) | 16·2 (6·3–41·8) | <0·0001 |
| <10 years | 8·7% (3·7–19·7) | 0·2% (0·03–1·4) | 52·2 (6·1–447·2) | 0·0003 | 10·6% (7·6–13·3) | 0·7% (0·3–1·5) | 15·0 (5·8–38·8) | <0·0001 |
HRs are adjusted for matching variables (ie, sex and year of birth). HR=hazard ratio. In Denmark, the median duration of follow-up before death was 5 days (IQR 2–73) in the cohort with a history of bacterial meningitis and 3 years (1–12) in the comparison cohort. In the Netherlands, median duration of follow-up before death was 6 days (1–458) in the cohort with a history of bacterial meningitis and 4 years (0–16) in the comparison cohort. For children who survived the entire study period, median duration of follow-up for both cohorts was 12 years (7–17) in Denmark and 16 years (11–20) in the Netherlands.
The mortality risk is the same for 5 years and 10 years in Denmark because none of the children in the cohort died in the 5–10 year period.