Table 3.
Comparison of clinically significant symptoms of depression (EPDS ≥ 13) in pregnant and postpartum women across countries.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnant women: χ2(8) = 46.19, p < .001 | |||||||||
| 1. Brazil | |||||||||
| 2. Chile | 0.36 | ||||||||
| 3. Cyprus | 22.37⁎⁎⁎ | 14.17⁎⁎⁎ | |||||||
| 4. Greece | 26.31⁎⁎⁎ | 15.61⁎⁎⁎ | 0.06 | ||||||
| 5. Israel | 5.61 | 2.45 | 5.42 | 5.55 | |||||
| 6. Portugal | 17.63⁎⁎⁎ | 8.09 | 3.61 | 3.75 | 0.93 | ||||
| 7. Spain | 9.12 | 4.08 | 5.07 | 5.31 | 0.10 | 0.54 | |||
| 8. Turkey | 9.08 | 3.33 | 8.55 | 10.02 | 0.01 | 2.63 | 0.30 | ||
| 9. UK | 1.82 | 0.43 | 10.24⁎⁎ | 11.10⁎⁎⁎ | 0.86 | 4.44 | 1.77 | 1.09 | |
| Postpartum women: χ2(8) = 119.40, p < .001 | |||||||||
| 1. Brazil | |||||||||
| 2. Chile | 13.71⁎⁎⁎ | ||||||||
| 3. Cyprus | 44.85⁎⁎⁎ | 8.21 | |||||||
| 4. Greece | 53.04⁎⁎⁎ | 7.64 | 0.18 | ||||||
| 5. Israel | 64.86⁎⁎⁎ | 13.48⁎⁎⁎ | 0.30 | 1.14 | |||||
| 6. Portugal | 49.48⁎⁎⁎ | 3.03 | 2.93 | 2.14 | 6.60 | ||||
| 7. Spain | 20.69⁎⁎⁎ | 0.01 | 9.44 | 9.22 | 16.11⁎⁎⁎ | 3.79 | |||
| 8. Turkey | 19.34⁎⁎⁎ | 0.09 | 12.60⁎⁎⁎ | 13.07⁎⁎⁎ | 21.07⁎⁎⁎ | 6.79 | 0.22 | ||
| 9. UK | 5.58 | 1.97 | 18.74⁎⁎⁎ | 19.80⁎⁎⁎ | 28.32⁎⁎⁎ | 13.18⁎⁎⁎ | 2.96 | 1.91 | |
Notes: Bonferroni-corrected p-value (.05/36) = .0014. UK = United Kingdom.
⁎⁎
p < .01.
⁎⁎⁎
p < .001.