Table 1.
Sample characteristics and outcome variables at pre-study baseline.
| VariablesN =104 | Descriptive StatisticsMean (SD)/Frequencies (%) | 95%CI for mean [Lower Bound, Upper Bound] | Shapiro-Wilk test (p) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) | 23.6 (2.23) |
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| Gender (female/male) | 94:10 |
|||
| Level of education N (%) |
Undergraduate | 7 (6.7) | ||
| Postgraduate (master student | 87 (83.7) | |||
| Postgraduate (PhD student) |
10 (9.6) | |||
| Frequency of accessing natural environment N (%) |
Never | 3 (2.9) | ||
| Once a week | 51 (49) | |||
| 2 ∼3 times a week | 35 (33.7) | |||
| Over 3 times a week |
15 (14.4) | |||
| Distance of living from natural green spaces N (%) |
< 1 mile | 63 (60.6) | ||
| 1 ∼3 miles | 36 (34.6) | |||
| 4 ∼6 miles | 2 (1.9) | |||
| 10 miles and above | 3 (2.9) | |||
| Treatment history of sleep difficulties N (%) |
Pills | 7 (6.7) | ||
| Psychotherapy | 2 (1.9) | |||
| Non-medical supplements | 7 (6.7) | |||
| Deep breathing/relaxing/meditation | 18 (17.3) | |||
| All above | 1 (1) | |||
| Never | 69 (66.3) | |||
| - | ||||
| Physical activity level (mean/SD) | Vigorous | 207 (186.27) | -24.28, 438.28 | <.001 |
| Moderate | 165 (135.83) | -3.66, 333.66 | .64 | |
| Walking | 204 (138.13) | 32.49, 375.51 | .26 | |
| Sedentary | 420 (120) |
271, 569 | .44 | |
| Mood (mean/SD) | Total mood disturbance (TMD) | 28.58 (3.80) | 23.87, 33.3 | .19 |
| Depression | 083 (1.03) | -.46, 2.11 | .04 | |
| Vigour | 2 (.66) | 1.18, 2.82 | .64 | |
| Confusion | 1.90 (.96) | .69, 3.09 | .06 | |
| Tension | 1.57 (.81) | .55, 2.58 | .87 | |
| Anger | .54 (.71) | -.34, 1.42 | .12 | |
| Fatigue | 1.76 (.74) | .84, 2.68 | .98 | |