Figure 2.

The generation of hPSC-derived islet spheroids and organoids on 2D or/and 3D culture. PSCs were grown, differentiated, and eventually turned into pancreatic precursor cells (PSCs-derived PP cells) in adherent culture. PSCs-derived PP cells were seeded to amikagel to form mature spheroids, or together with HUVEC cells to form islet-like organoids. Other methods, such as PSCs-derived PP cells placing in the gas-liquid surface or spinner culture flasks, form islet spheroids (mainly based on references 20, 21, 74 and 75). Abbreviation. Human endothelial cell, HUVEC.