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During the progression of PDAC, the innate immune system of the body is activated and antagonizes the immunosuppressive mechanism of tumor cells. Intercellular information transmission involves multiple complex signaling pathways through paracrine and autocrine. Classic signaling pathways include Notch, TGF-β, Wnt, Hippo, Fas/FasL, and Hh. The core of the pathway is to promote or inhibit the function of B cells and effector T cells by changing the cellular components of TME.
