Table 1.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with other therapies currently used in the clinical test medication.
| Target | Trade name | Stage | Company | Combination therapy | Current phase | Adverse effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD-1 | Pembrolizumab (MK-3,475) |
FDA-approved | Merck | capecitabine | I | alopecia, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain , marrow-suppression, acro-anesthesia, erythra, oral ulcer |
| gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxe | Ib/II | |||||
| gemcitabine, reolysin, 5-FU, irinotecan |
II | |||||
| acalabrutinib | II | |||||
| Nivolumab (BMS-936,558;MDX1106;ONO-4,538) |
FDA-approved | Bristol Myers Squibb | gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel | I | marrow-suppression, alopecia, abdominal pain, anemia, nausea, constipation, renal failure |
|
| gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, paricalcitol | I/II | |||||
| cabiralizumab, gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel | I/II | |||||
| CTLA-4 | Tremelimumab | Phase I–III | AstraZeneca | gemcitabine | Ib | pruritus, alopecia, arrhythmia, pyrexia, marrow-suppression |
| Ipilimumab | FDA-approved | Bristol Myers Squibb | gemcitabine | Ib | ||
| PD-L1 | Durvalumab | Phase I | AstraZeneca | epacadostat | I/II | feeble, pneumonia, mucosal edema, cephalalgia, alopecia |
| Atezolizumab (MPDL3280A) |
Phase I–III | Roche | selicrelumab, gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel | Ib/II | ||
| Avelumab (MSB0010718C) |
Phase I–III | Pfizer | gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, hydroxychloroquin | II |
1. reolysin: a reovirus with potential oncolytic activity.
2. selicrelumab: CD40 agonist.
3. cabiralizumab: anti-CSF-1 receptor.
4. paricalcitol: D-vitamin analog.
5. acalabrutinib: Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors.