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. 2022 Jul 28;13:927170. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.927170

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Alteration of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in obesity. Main hormonal changes derived from obesity. Obesity leads to damage to epithelial cells and damage to gap junctions of these cells, which allows greater permeability of undesirable substances to the systemic circulation. A decrease in mucus and decline in the interactions of some peptides/hormones with their respective receptors also occurs. Red cells illustrate inflamed cells. (↑) Increase Secretion and Greater; (↓) Decrease Secretion and Decline; (⊕) Positive interaction; (⊖) Negative Interaction; (⊘) Non Interaction; SCFAs, Short-Chain Fatty Acid; PYY, Peptide YY; OXM, Oxytomodulin; PPYR1, Pancreatic Polypeptide Receptor 1; PP, Pancreatic Polypeptide; GLP-1, Glucagon Like Peptide-1; GLP-1R, Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor; LEPRB, Leptin Receptor Long Isoform; Y1R, Neuropeptide Y Receptor type 1; Y2R, - Neuropeptide Y Receptor type 2; GHSR, - Growth Hormone Secretagogue receptor; CKK, Cholecystokinin; MC3R, Melanocortin 3 Receptor; MC4R, Melanocortin 4 Receptor; AgRP, Agouti-Related Protein.