TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the training set.
| Variables | Total (n = 732) | No major bleeding (n = 680) | Major bleeding (n = 52) | P |
| Age (years) | 62 (55–67) | 61 (55–66) | 65 (59–69) | 0.017 |
| Male, n (%) | 559 (76.37) | 524 (77.06) | 35 (67.31) | 0.127 |
| Height (m) | 1.68 (1.62–1.72) | 1.69 (1.63–1.72) | 165 (1.60–1.70) | 0.007 |
| Weight (kg) | 72.00 (65.00–80.00) | 72.00 (65.00–80.00) | 67.25 (62.00–74.25) | 0.001 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.83 ± 0.17 | 1.84 ± 0.17 | 1.76 ± 0.2 | 0.002 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 375 (51.23) | 349 (51.32) | 26 (50.00) | 0.886 |
| Angina, n (%) | 699 (95.49) | 647 (95.15) | 52 (100.00) | 0.160 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 62 (8.47) | 57 (8.38) | 5 (9.62) | 0.961 |
| Arrhythmia, n (%) | 22 (3.01) | 20 (2.94) | 2 (3.85) | 0.665 |
| Previous surgery, n (%) | 176 (24.04) | 164 (24.12) | 12 (23.08) | 0.866 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 272 (37.16) | 260 (38.24) | 12 (23.08) | 0.036 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 603 (82.38) | 559 (82.21) | 44 (84.62) | 0.850 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 459 (62.70) | 434 (63.82) | 25 (48.08) | 0.026 |
| Kidney failure, n (%) | 21 (2.87) | 20 (2.94) | 1 (1.92) | > 0.99 |
| Dialysis, n (%) | 17 (2.32) | 17 (2.50) | 0 (0) | 0.625 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) | 11 (1.50) | 11 (1.62) | 0 (0) | > 0.99 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 10 (1.37) | 8 (1.18) | 2 (3.85) | 0.155 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 183 (25.00) | 162 (23.82) | 21 (40.38) | 0.012 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 174 (23.77) | 161 (23.68) | 13 (25.00) | 0.866 |
| Venous disease, n (%) | 46 (6.28) | 43 (6.32) | 3 (5.77) | > 0.99 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 84 (11.48) | 77 (11.32) | 7 (13.46) | 0.651 |
| Previous PTCA, n (%) | 16 (2.19) | 14 (2.06) | 2 (3.85) | 0.316 |
| Previous thrombolysis, n (%) | 5 (0.68) | 4 (0.59) | 1 (1.92) | 0.309 |
| CHD family history, n (%) | 77 (10.52) | 69 (10.15) | 8 (15.38) | 0.240 |
| Preoperative statin use, n (%) | 307 (41.94) | 286 (42.06) | 21 (40.38) | 0.885 |
| Preoperative anticoagulant use, n (%) | 639 (87.30) | 596 (87.65) | 43 (82.69) | 0.284 |
| Antiplatelet drugs pause < 5 days, n (%) | 12 (1.64) | 10 (1.47) | 2 (3.85) | 0.207 |
| Left main coronary artery disease, n (%) | 134 (18.31) | 127 (18.68) | 7 (13.46) | 0.457 |
| RBC (×1012/L) | 4.44 ± 0.52 | 4.45 ± 0.51 | 4.32 ± 0.54 | 0.064 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 6.36 (5.31–7.41) | 6.36 (5.30–7.41) | 6.31 (5.35–7.41) | 0.934 |
| PLT (×109/L) | 208 (176–247) | 209 (177–249) | 199 (167–228) | 0.066 |
| Platelet distribution width (fL) | 12.30 (11.20–13.80) | 12.30 (11.20–13.80) | 12.35 (11.20–13.90) | 0.841 |
| Platelet volume (fL) | 10.50 (10.00–11.20) | 10.5 (10.00–11.20) | 10.45 (10.07–11.33) | 0.637 |
| Platelet-large cell ration (%) | 29.40 (24.70–34.90) | 29.40 (24.58–34.73) | 28.65 (26.15–35.42) | 0.653 |
| Thrombocytocrit (%) | 0.22 (0.19–0.26) | 0.22 (0.19–0.26) | 0.21 (0.19–0.23) | 0.096 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 137 (126–146) | 137 (127–146) | 137 (120–143) | 0.045 |
| Total protein (g/L) | 66.05 (62.90–70.10) | 66.15 (63.00–70.30) | 65.20 (61.65–68.03) | 0.061 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 40.80 (38.70–43.42) | 40.85 (38.70–43.60) | 40.40 (38.48–42.20) | 0.097 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.03 (3.77–4.25) | 4.03 (3.77–4.26) | 4.02 (3.72–4.13) | 0.326 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 141.10 (139.12–143.01) | 141.17 (139.13–143.01) | 140.66 (138.74–142.74) | 0.630 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.26 (2.19–2.34) | 2.26 (2.19–2.34) | 2.27 (2.19–2.33) | 0.887 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.34 (4.69–6.54) | 5.36 (4.69–6.55) | 5.05 (4.64–6.18) | 0.167 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.23 (4.19–6.44) | 5.29 (4.19–6.44) | 5.07 (4.22–6.30) | 0.431 |
| Creatine (μmol/L) | 82.00 (70.48–94.00) | 82.00 (70.27–94.00) | 84.29 (72.30–95.43) | 0.527 |
| GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 84.29 (71.51–93.94) | 84.52 (72.14–94.24) | 78.37 (64.62–92.18) | 0.051 |
| HSCRP (mg/L) | 1.38 (0.66–3.10) | 1.42 (0.67–3.10) | 1.08 (0.50–2.99) | 0.293 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 156.35 (62.98–369.52) | 154.05 (62.27–373.00) | 177.75 (86.90–315.28) | 0.532 |
| PT (s) | 13.10 (12.60–13.60) | 13.10 (12.60–13.53) | 13.30 (12.97–13.62) | 0.045 |
| INR (R) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 1.00 (0.95–1.04) | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.047 |
| CPB or not, n (%) | 477 (65.16) | 444 (65.29) | 33 (63.46) | 0.765 |
| Operation time (h) | 3.80 (3.30–4.50) | 3.80 (3.30–4.40) | 3.90 (3.38–4.93) | 0.275 |
| Blood loss (ml) | 589.54 (75.17) | 587.76 (68.81) | 612.69 (131.82) | 0.021 |
| Intraoperative transfusion, n (%) | 14 (1.91) | 7 (1.03) | 7 (13.46) | < 0.001 |
| Intraoperative urine output (ml/kg/h) | 3.16 (2.02) | 3.13 (2.01) | 3.54 (2.11) | 0.159 |
| Hemoglobin decrease (g/L) | 25.00 (16.00–33.00) | 25.00 (16.00–33.00) | 27.00 (14.25–33.00) | 0.961 |
| Postoperative first Creatine (μmol/L) | 70.27 (60.88–81.90) | 70.31 (60.88–81.80) | 68.97 (60.85–84.61) | 0.707 |
| Postoperative first NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 602.10 (350.15–1060.75) | 596.30 (342.08–1042.75) | 690.90 (409.08–1124.25) | 0.108 |
| Preoperative hospital LOS (d) | 6 (4–9) | 6 (4–9) | 6 (4–8) | 0.596 |
| TRUST score | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.002 |
| WILL-BLEED score | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–3) | 3 (1–4) | 0.013 |
BSA, body surface area; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; CHD, coronary heart disease; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; PLT, platelet; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HSCRP, high sensitivity C reactive protein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; LOS, length of stay.