TABLE 2.
Applications of stem cells and stem cells-derived products in NEC.
| Stem cells and stem cells-derived products | Administration | Species | Outcome | Year | References |
| BM-MSC | Intraperitoneal injection | Rat | Showed weight gains, improve clinical sickness scores, reduced histopathological damage | 2011 | (35) |
| BM-MSC | Intraperitoneal injection | Mouse | HB-EGF promoted BM-MSC proliferation, and migration and decreased BM-MSC apoptosis. HB-EGF and BM-MSC act synergistically to reduce injury and improve survival in NEC |
2012 | (37) |
| BM-MSC | Intraperitoneal injection Intravenous injection |
Rat | Reduced the incidence and severity of NEC, and preserved intestinal barrier function in NEC. | 2019 | (42) |
| AF-MSC | Intraperitoneal injection Intravenous injection |
Rat | Reduced the incidence, and severity, and preserved intestinal barrier function in NEC. | 2019 | (42) |
| AF-MSC | Intraperitoneal injection | Rat | Improved gut barrier function in NEC. AF-MSC, BM-MSC, AF-NSC, and E-NSC all reduce the incidence of NEC, which is not largely different. | 2017 | (41) |
| AF-MSC | Intraperitoneal injection | Mice | Rescued intestinal injury and restored epithelial regeneration., increased ISC and epithelial proliferation by Wnt signaling. | 2020 | (43) |
| UC-MSC | Intraperitoneal injection | Rat | Improved clinical sickness scores. | 2019 | (45) |
| UC-MSC | Intravenous injection | Infant | Enhanced intestinal blood supply in subsequent jejunostomies | 2019 | (48) |
| AF-NSC | Intraperitoneal injection Intravenous injection |
Rat | Reduced the incidence, and severity, and preserved intestinal barrier function in NEC. | 2019 | (42) |
| AF-NSC | intraperitoneal injection | Rat | Reduced the incidence and severity of NEC. | 2017 | (41) |
| E-NSC | Intraperitoneal injection | Rat | Reduce the incidence and severity of NEC. | 2017 | (41) |
| BM-MSC-Ex | Intraperitoneal injection | Rat | Decreases the incidence and severity of NEC. | 2018; 2016 | (36, 46) |
| AF-MSC-EX | Intraperitoneal injection | Mice | Rescued intestinal injury, restored epithelial regeneration, increased ISC and epithelial proliferation by Wnt signaling and decreases the incidence and severity of NEC | 2018; 2020 | (36, 43) |
| AF-NSC-EX | Intraperitoneal injection | Rat | Decreases the incidence and severity of NEC. | 2018 | (36) |
| E-NSC-EX | Intraperitoneal injection | Rat | Decreases the incidence and severity of NEC. | 2018 | (36) |