Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants with spirometrically confirmed COPD in SPIROMICS
| All | ||
|---|---|---|
| Total n | 1647 | |
| Age, mean ± SD | 65.2 ± 8.0 | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 942 (57.2%) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | Non-Hispanic White | 1314 (79.8%) |
| African American | 234 (14.4%) | |
| Other | 47 (5.8%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 27.4 ± 5.2 | |
| Obstructive sleep apnea, n (%) | 289 (18.8%) | |
| Ever diagnosed with asthma, n (%) | No | 1177 (73.1%) |
| Yes | 367 (22.8%) | |
| Unsure | 66 (4.1%) | |
| Hospital Depression Scale score, mean ± SD | 4.5 ± 3.4 | |
| Hospital Anxiety Scale score, mean ± SD | 5.5 ± 3.7 | |
| COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, mean ± SD | 15.2 ± 7.9 | |
| Percentage predicted post-bronchodilator FEV1, mean ± SD | 61.4 ± 23.0 | |
| LAMA usage, n (%) | 615 (38.4%) | |
| LABA-ICS usage, n (%) | 689 (43.1%) | |
| Household income, n (%) | <$50k/year | 808 (49.5%) |
| Unreported | 295 (18.1%) | |
| >$50k/year | 530 (32.5%) | |
| Maximal educational attainment, n (%) | Less than high school | 209 (12.7%) |
| High school diploma | 412 (25.1%) | |
| Any post-high school | 1020 (62.2%) | |
| In utero smoke exposure, n (%) | Yes | 827 (51.7%) |
| Uncertain/not disclosed | 494 (30.9%) | |
| No | 277 (17.3%) | |
| Insufficient access to fresh food, n (%) | 536 (33.1%) | |
| Occupational respiratory exposure, n (%) | Yes | 702 (42.7%) |
| Uncertain | 164 (10.0%) | |
| No | 778 (47.3%) | |
| Comorbidity count, mean ± SD | 2.4 ± 1.6 | |
| Adversity–Opportunity Index (AOI), mean ± SD | 5.4 ± 2.0 | |
| Area Deprivation Index (ADI), mean ± SD | 4.8 ± 2.9 | |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), mean ± SD | 6.6 ± 3.9 | |
| Time in follow-up (years), mean ± SD | 4.1 ± 1.7 | |
| COPD exacerbations per follow-up year, mean ± SD | 0.5 ± 0.9 | |
| COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalization per follow-up year, mean ± SD | 0.2 ± 0.5 | |
Bolded values significant at α < .05. Insufficient Access to fresh food is grocer at 1 mile in urban area or 10 miles in rural area from known residence. AOI is a composite metric of individual-level historic and current socio-environmental indicators.