Figure 1.

Experimental protocol overview. A prospective longitudinal design and a double cross-sectional case–control design were used concurrently. We investigated TBI in both the acute and chronic stages, with most of the acute group being tested again at follow-up. Hospitalized OSCI and healthy control groups were used as controls for the acute TBI and chronic TBI groups, respectively. Sleep in hospitalized TBI and OSCI patients was recorded at bedside in regular care units after ICU discharge with a full-night of polysomnography. Clinical data related to the injury were collected from their hospital charts. Sleep in chronic TBI and healthy control participants was recorded with a full-night of in-laboratory polysomnography and a neuropsychological assessment was performed the following morning. Clinical data related to the injury were retrospectively collected from their hospital charts.