Figure 4.

Acute toxicity with diclofenac (ATD) significantly induced oxidative biochemical changes that were prevented and treated using Ajwa date fruits. (A and B). Acute toxicity effects of diclofenac (Group II): ATD caused significantly increased oxidative stress eg increased serum malondialdehyde (p<0.01) and H₂O₂ (p<0.05). ATD-induced oxidative stress was significantly counteracted by a subsequent and a prior treatment using ajwa date fruit extract (ADFE). (C and D). Protective and preventive effects induced by ADFE against ATD: ADFE caused significantly increased antioxidant effects eg increased serum catalase activity and serum total antioxidant capacity. ADFE-induced an increase in antioxidant effects, ie, caused a significant increase in serum catalase activity (p<0.001) and serum total antioxidant capacity (p<0.001) upon subsequent and prior exposure to ATD. * means p< 0.05, **means p< 0.01 and ***means p< 0.001.