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. 2022 Jul 29;11:e76319. doi: 10.7554/eLife.76319

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© 2022, Dosil et al

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 7. — NK cells release small EVs that are enriched in post-transcriptionally modified miRNAs and specific short motifs. NK-EVs have a direct impact on T cells fate and function, promoting Th1-like responses, marked by increased levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 release. NK-EV-miRNAs miR-10b-5p and miR-92a-3p may account, at least partially, for the observed effects, via GATA3 downmodulation and subsequent T-bet de-repression that drives Th1 skewing. Additionally, NK-EVs promote monocyte polarization to monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and enhance their presentation and costimulatory capacities, by upregulating MHC-II and CD86, respectively. This pathway also may contribute to the regulation of Th1-like responses mediated by NK-EVs.