Fig. 9.

A scheme of biosynthesis of triterpenoids, sterols, and carotenoids. AAS – α-amyrin synthase; BAS – β-amyrin synthase; CAS – cycloartenol synthase; CHY-B – carotene hydroxylase B; CHY-E—carotene hydroxylase E; DMADP—dimethylallyl diphosphate; DXP—1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate; DXS—1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase; FDP – farnesyl diphosphate; FDS—farnesyl diphosphate synthase; G3P—glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; GGPP – geranylgeranyl diphosphate; GGPPS—geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; IDP – isopentenyl diphosphate; IDI—isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; LCYB – lycopene cyclase B; LCYE—lycopene cyclase E; LS – lupeol synthase; PSY—phytoene synthase; SQS – squalene synthase; SQE – squalene epoxidase