TABLE 3.

Themes of the strengths and weaknesses of teacher feedback and automated feedback.

	Strengths	Frequency	Weaknesses	Frequency
Teacher feedback	a balanced comments on both the positive and negative aspects of students’ writing	20	lacking detailed explanations	4
	encouraging words	17	too many comments	4
	clarity and easiness of the language use	12
Automated feedback	the ability to identify errors	32	ambiguous and incomprehensible	21
	the capacity to suggest for synonyms	16	too much emphasis on mechanical problems, such as punctuation and capitalization problems	9
	the function to rank essays to allow students to know their ranks in relation to their classmates	11