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. 2022 Jul 28;15:908911. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.908911

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Anxiety-like behaviors were increased in rats of MS groups. Before EMG recordings, all rats were subjected to the OFT test (A–C) and EPM test (D–F) to evaluate anxiety-like behaviors. (A) The distance traveled by MS rats in the open field was significantly less than that of NC rats. (B) On PND35 and PND70, MS rats showed less entries into the center zone (CZ). (C) There was no significant difference in the number of rearing in the three age periods. (D) MS rats on PND21, PND35, and PND70 showed a significantly lower probability of open arms (OA) entries than NC rats. (E) MS rats in three groups spent significantly less percentage of time in the OA than NC rats. (F) MS rats in three groups showed a significantly higher anxiety index than NC rats. The anxiety index integrated with the EPM behavioral measures was calculated as follows: anxiety index = 1 − [(time spent in OA/total time on the maze) + (number of entries to the OA/total exploration on the maze)/2]. On PND21: NC, n = 12; MS, n = 12. On PND35: NC, n = 12; MS, n = 12. On PND70: NC, n = 12; MS, n = 12. All data were given as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. (G) Representative animal track in the OFT and (H) EPM.