. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 11.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Psychol Sci. 2021 Dec 21;10(4):734–751. doi: 10.1177/21677026211056596

Table 2 –

Incremental prediction by past diagnoses vs personality traits of disorder first onsets and functional outcomes in community adolescents (Sample 1)

20-month Outcomes	Model 1					Model 2
	Predictor added	R²	ΔR²	%R²	p	Predictor added	R²	ΔR²	%R²	p
Any Depressive diagnoses first onsets	Current diagnoses	.27				Current diagnoses	.27
	Past diagnoses	.28	.01	3.6%	.07	Personality	.33	.06	18.2%	<.01*
	Personality	.34	.06	17.6%	<.01*	Past diagnoses	.34	.01	2.9%	.29
Any Anxiety diagnoses first onsets	Current diagnoses	.07				Current diagnoses	.07
	Past diagnoses	.08	.01	12.5%	.79	Personality	.22	.15	68.2%	<.01*
	Personality	.24	.15	62.5%	<.01*	Past diagnoses	.24	.02	8.3%	.54
Any Eating diagnoses first onsets	Current diagnoses	.06				Current diagnoses	.06
	Past diagnoses	.09	.03	33.3%	.29	Personality	.08	.02	25.0%	.72
	Personality	.11	.01	9.1%	.83	Past diagnoses	.11	.03	27.3%	.38
Any Behavioral diagnoses first onsets	Current diagnoses	.03				Current diagnoses	.03
	Past diagnoses	.08	.05	62.5%	.19	Personality	.13	.11	84.6%	.04*
	Personality	.19	.10	52.6%	.04*	Past diagnoses	.19	.05	26.3%	.19
Any Substance use diagnoses first onsets	Current diagnoses	.10				Current diagnoses	.10
	Past diagnoses	.14	.04	28.6%	.10	Personality	.16	.06	37.5%	.04*
	Personality	.18	.05	27.8%	.09	Past diagnoses	.18	.03	16.7%	.26
School attitude	Current school attitude	.29				Current school attitude	.29
	Current diagnoses	.31	.02	6.5%	.03*	Current diagnoses	.31	.02	6.5%	.03*
	Past diagnoses	.31	.00	0.0%	.28	Personality	.33	.03	9.1%	.01*
	Personality	.34	.03	8.8%	.01*	Past diagnoses	.34	.01	2.9%	.28
Perceived social support	Current perceived social support	.22				Current perceived social support	.22
	Current diagnoses	.24	.02	8.3%	.08	Current diagnoses	.24	.02	8.3%	.08
	Past diagnoses	.25	.01	4.0%	.10	Personality	.26	.02	7.7%	.03*
	Personality	.27	.02	7.4%	.04*	Past diagnoses	.27	.01	3.7%	.14

Notes: Current and past diagnoses included: any depressive disorders, any anxiety disorders, any eating disorders, any substance use, and behavioral disorders. Personality traits included: neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience.

The effect size for analyses of first onsets is Nagelkerke pseudo R². Percentage R² denotes the proportion of the total variance explained by the predictor added. P-value denotes significant ΔR² at p<.05.