Table 3. Data of Wastewater Treatment Processes Using Fe3O4/Biochar Systems.
| material | feedstock | pyrolysis temp (°C) | surface area (m2/g) | pollution | initial pollution concentration (mg/dm3) | applied dose (g/dm3) | adsorption capacity (mg/g) | degradation method | removal eficiency (%) | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fe3O4/biochar | watermelon rinds | 500 | 111.2 | Tl(I) | 20 | 0.5 | 1123.0 | adsorption + catalytic oxidation | 99 | (97) |
| Fe3O4/biochar | rice husk | 500 | 109.0 | U(IV) | 0.04 mol/dm3 | 0.4 | 53.2 | adsorption | 96.8 | (8) |
| Pb(II) | 110.0 | 91.7 | ||||||||
| Fe3O4/biochar | wheat stalk | 600 | 31.0 | Pb(II) | 100 | 1.0 | 179.9 | adsorption | (98) | |
| rice husk | 224.0 | 73.3 | ||||||||
| Fe3O4/biochar | aerobic granular sludge | 200 | Pb(II) | 15 | 0.3 | 37.9 | adsorption | 90 | (99) | |
| NH2/Fe3O4/biochar | 46.6 | |||||||||
| Fe3O4/biochar | crab shell | 500 | 74.5 | Pb(II) | 50 | 1.0 | 62.4 | adsorption | 86 | (100) |
| As(III) | 20 | 15.8 | 93 | |||||||
| Fe3O4/biochar | waste green wood | 800–1000 | 320.1 | As(III) | 10 | 2.0 | 5.5 | adsorption | 68 | (101) |
| Fe3O4/biochar | Guadua chacoensis culms | 700 | 28.9 | As(V) | 10 | 2.0 | 90.0 | adsorption | ∼100.0 | (102) |
| Fe3O4-KOH/biochar | 482.4 | 85.0 | ||||||||
| Fe3O4/biochar | Phragmites australis | 600 | 232.7 | Sb(V) | 50 | 1.0 | 2.0 | adsorption | (103) | |
| Ce/Fe3O4/biocharPC | 230.7 | 24.8 | ||||||||
| Ce/Fe3O4/biocharST | 269.9 | 8.5 | ||||||||
| Fe3O4/biochar | phoenix tree leaves | 500 | 83.6 | Cr(VI) | 100 | 2.0 | 30.8 | adsorption | 98.2 | (92) |
| Fe3O4/biochar | commercial biochar (wood) | 900 | 312.6 | PO43– | 25 | 0.4 | 82.5 | adsorption | ∼100 | (104) |
| Fe3O4/biochar | Pinus radiata sawdust | 650 | 125.8 | sulfamethoxazole | 21 | 2.0 | 13.8 | adsorption | (38) | |
| Fe3O4/biochar | hickory chips | 600 | 90.6 | Methylene Blue | 100 | 0.2 | 500.5 | adsorption | 90.1 | (90) |
| Fe3O4/biochar | brown marine macroalgae | 600 | 337.0 | Acid Orange 7 | 50 | 1.0 | 297.0 | adsorption | (93) | |
| Fe3O4/biochar | Calotropis gigantea fiber | 600 | PFOA | 50 | 0.4 | 131.4 | adsorption | 100.0 | (105) | |
| PFOS | 136.5 | |||||||||
| Fe3O4/FeOH·4H2O/biochar | sawdust | 600 | 120.7 | PFOS | 0.5–325 | 0.7 | 194.6 | adsorption | (106) | |
| Fe3O4/biochar | commercial biochar (wood) | 900 | 312.6 | crude oil | spill: 2 g/25 mL | 1.0 | 3.3 | adsorption | >90 | (107) |
| LA/Fe3O4/biochar | 37.3 | 5.7 | ||||||||
| Fe3O4/LA/biochar | 30.6 | 6.2 |