Table 4. Data of Wastewater Treatment Processes Using Inorganic Oxide/Biochar Systems.
| material | feedstock | pyrolysis temp (°C) | surface area (m2/g) | pollution | initial pollution concentration (mg/dm3) | applied dose (g/dm3) | adsorption capacity (mg/g) | degradation method | removal eficiency (%) | ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZrO2/biochar | wheat husks and paper sludge | 29.621 | Reactive Yellow 39 | 20 | 1.5 | sonocatalysis | 96.8 | (120) | ||
| CeO2/biochar | paper waste and wheat straw | 500 | 59.0 | Reactive Red 84 | 10 | 1.0 | sonocatalysis | 98.5 | (121) | |
| V2O5/g-C3N4/biochar | rice straw | 450 | Rhodamine B | 10.0 | photocatalysis | 99.7 | (122) | |||
| Al2O3/biochar | chitosan | 600 | fluoride | 20 | 0.1 | 196.1 | adsorption | (123) | ||
| Al2O3-Fe2O3-FeOOH- Fe2+/biochar | commercial biochar | NO3–N | 8.66 | 10.0 | 34.2 | adsorption | ∼70 | (124) | ||
| 34.65 | ∼60 |