Table 1.
Subject characteristics
| Primary | Secondary | Overall | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n=690) | (n=1266) | (n=1956) | |
| n (%) / Mean (SD) | n (%) / Mean (SD) | n (%) / Mean (SD) | |
| Basic Demographics | |||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 348 (50.4) | 596 (47.1) | 944 (48.3) |
| Female | 326 (47.2) | 661 (52.2) | 987 (50.5) |
| Not stated | 16 (2.3) | 9 (0.7) | 25 (1.5) |
| Digital Competence | |||
| Unidimensional Digital Competence | -0.759 (0.68) | 0.437 (0.78) | 0.016 (0.94) |
| Gaming addiction | |||
| Internet Gaming Disorder Scale | 18.683 (8.57) | 17.775(8.06) | 18.097 (8.25) |
| Time using electronic devices for leisure | (n=667) | (n=1213) | (n=1880) |
| Less than 1 hour per day | 300 (45.0) | 262 (21.6) | 562 (29.9) |
| 1-2 hours per day | 233 (34.9) | 379 (31.2) | 612 (32.6) |
| 2-3 hours per day | 79 (11.8) | 264 (21.8) | 343 (18.2) |
| More than 3 hours per day | 55 (8.2) | 308 (25.4) | 363 (19.3) |
| General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) | ⏤ | 0.95 (0.48) | ⏤ |
| Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) | |||
| Cognitive | ⏤ | -0.25483 (1.04) | ⏤ |
| Social | ⏤ | 0.65621 (0.84) | ⏤ |
| Cyberbullying experience | (n=643) | (n=1198) | (n=1841) |
| As perpetrator only | 39 (6.1) | 87 (7.3) | 126 (6.8) |
| As victim only | 43 (6.7) | 160 (13.4) | 203 (11.0) |
| As both perpetrator and victim | 118 (18.4) | 191 (15.9) | 309 (16.8) |
| Not involved | 443 (68.9) | 760 (63.4) | 1203 (65.3) |
| Parents’ Education Level | |||
| Father | (n=278) | (n=749) | (n=1027) |
| Below secondary | 38 (13.7) | 118 (15.8) | 156 (15.2) |
| Secondary | 76 (27.3) | 378 (50.5) | 454 (44.2) |
| Associate degree | 30 (10.8) | 38 (5.1) | 68 (6.6) |
| Bachelor's degree | 134 (48.2) | 215 (28.7) | 349 (34.0) |
| Mother | (n=267) | (n=791) | (n=1058) |
| Below secondary | 65 (24.3) | 160 (20.2) | 225 (21.3) |
| Secondary | 84 (31.5) | 425 (53.7) | 509 (48.1) |
| Associate degree | 16 (6.0) | 23 (2.9) | 39 (3.7) |
| Bachelor's degree | 102 (38.2) | 183 (23.1) | 285 (26.9) |