Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the incident study cohort (patients with the start of any major depressive disorder episode within the study period, 1/1/2016–31/5/2018) at treatment initiation, n = 2553
| Patient characteristics | Patients without TRD (N = 1929, 75.6%) | Patients with TRD (N = 624, 24.4%) | Total (N = 2553) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | Median (IQR) | 46 (35, 55) | 49 (38, 56) | 47 (36, 56) | 0.001 |
| Sex | Male | 672 (34.8%) | 237 (38.0%) | 909 (35.6%) | 0.154 |
| Female | 1257 (65.2%) | 387 (62.0%) | 1644 (64.4%) | ||
| Socio-economic status | Low | 581 (30.1%) | 188 (30.1%) | 769 (30.1%) | 0.711 |
| Medium | 402 (20.8%) | 121 (19.4%) | 523 (20.5%) | ||
| High | 946 (49.0%) | 315 (50.5%) | 1261 (49.4%) | ||
| District | Central | 1348 (69.9%) | 472 (75.6%) | 1820 (71.3%) | 0.021 |
| North | 403 (20.9%) | 104 (16.7%) | 507 (19.9%) | ||
| South | 178 (9.2%) | 48 (7.7%) | 226 (8.9%) | ||
| Comorbidities | Deyo-Charlson co-morbidity index, mean (SD) | 0.88 (1.55) | 0.90 (1.47) | 0.89 (1.53) | 0.788 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 207 (10.7%) | 76 (12.2%) | 283 (11.1%) | 0.316 | |
| Cardio-vascular disease | 157 (8.1%) | 65 (10.4%) | 222 (8.7%) | 0.079 | |
| Hypertension | 395 (20.5%) | 157 (25.2%) | 552 (21.6%) | 0.014 | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 50 (2.6%) | 21 (3.4%) | 71 (2.8%) | 0.307 | |
| Cancer | 141 (7.3%) | 46 (7.4%) | 187 (7.3%) | 0.959 | |
| Osteoporosis | 108 (5.6%) | 43 (6.9%) | 151 (5.9%) | 0.234 | |
| Other co-morbidities * | Post-partum depression | 5 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (0.2%) | 0.203 |
| Anxiety | 460 (23.8%) | 162 (26.0%) | 622 (24.4%) | 0.285 | |
| Panic attacks | 72 (3.7%) | 16 (2.6%) | 88 (3.4%) | 0.241 | |
| Personality disorder | 103 (5.3%) | 52 (8.3%) | 155 (6.1%) | 0.006 | |
| Social phobia | 16 (0.8%) | 7 (1.1%) | 23 (0.9%) | 0.502 | |
| Smoking | Ever | 926 (48.2%) | 319 (51.1%) | 1245 (48.9%) | 0.324 |
| Never | 995 (51.7%) | 305 (48.9%) | 1300 (51.0%) | ||
| Missing | 2 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.1%) | ||
| Body mass index ** | Mean (SD) | 26.54 (5.6) | 26.66 (5.59) | 26.57 (5.6) | 0.635 |
* within 1 year prior to index date
** for those with a BMI measurement closest within 5 years before index date, n = 2374 (93.3%)
TRD treatment resistant depression