Table 4.

The hormesis activity of natural compounds in vitro and in vivo in PD

Activity	Compound	Source Plant	Model	Treatment	Remarks	Reference
Parkinson	Resveratrol	Ribes nigrum	Rat	10, 20 and 40 mg/kg	Resveratrol exerts a neuroprotective effect	[79]
	Resveratrol	Ribes nigrum	Rat	100 μM	Resveratrol exerts a neuroprotective effect	[80]
	Resveratrol	Ribes nigrum	Rat	20 mg/kg	Resveratrol exerts the protective activity	[81]
	Epigallocatechin 3-gallate	Camellia sinensis	Mice	0.1–10 μM	Epigallocatechin 3-gallate exerts neuroprotective effects	[82]
	Caffeine	Camellia sinensis	Rat	10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg	The low dose was effective	[83]
	Caffeine	Camellia sinensis	Rat	60-80 mg/kg	Caffeine exerts protective activity	[84]
	Mulberry fruit	Morus alba	Mouse	500 mg/kg	Mulberry fruit exhibits neuroprotective activity	[86]
	Tubers	Dioscorea alata	Mouse	100–300 μg/mL	The low dose was effective.	[88]
	Ginsenoside Rg1	Panax ginseng	Mouse	10 and 50 μM	Ginsenoside Rb1 treats of PD	[90]
	Quercetin	Crocus sativus	Rat	50 mg/kg	Quercetinexhibits protective activity	[91]
	Quercetin	Crocus sativus	Mouse	0.3–30 μM	Quercetin improves behavioral deficits	[92]
	Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropeinaglycone	Olea europaea	Mouse	Hydroxytyrosol (250 μg/mL) oleuropeinaglycone (500 μg/mL)	Hydroxytyrosol was more effective	[95]
	Cannabinoids	Cannabis sativa	Rat	3 mg/kg	Cannabinoids exerts neuroprotection activity	[98]
	Allicin	Allium sativum	PC-12 cells	50 μM	Allicin exerts protective action	[99]
	Curcumin	Curcuma longa	Rat	40 mg/kg	Curcumin exhibits protective activity	[100]
	Curcumin, naringenin, quercetin and fisetin	Curcuma longa, Citrus aurantium, Crocus sativus	Rat	50 mg/kg	Quercetin and fisetin exhibit neuroprotection effects	[101]
	Panaxatriol saponins	Panax notoginseng	PC12 cells	0.12 mg/mL	The low dose was effective.	[5]
	Berberine	Berberis vulgaris	PC12 cells	0.3-20 μM	Berberine improves behavior movement deficiency	[103]