Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analyses evaluating muscle power, activity-based tests, and physical activity level in daily life in older adults
| Study | Type | Frequency and duration | Intensity | N | Age, years (SD) | Sex, female | Relevant outcomes | Test used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balachandran et al. (2014) [29] | PT | 2x/wk. for 15 wks | 50–80% 1RM | 8 | 71.6 (7.8) | 8 (100%) | Muscle power | Chest Press |
| ST | 2x/wk. for 15 wks | 70% 1RM | 9 | 71.0 (8.2) | 8 (88%) | Leg Press | ||
| Activity test: emphasis on movement speed | Chair rise (s) | |||||||
| SPPB | ||||||||
| Stair climb (s) | ||||||||
| Bean et al. (2009) [3] | PT | 3x/wk. for 16 wks | 11–16 RPE | 59 | 74.7 (6.8) | 50 (69%) | Muscle power | Leg press |
| ST | 3x/wk. for 16 wks | 11–16 RPE | 58 | 76.1 (6.9) | 45 (68%) | Activity test: emphasis on movement speed | SPPB | |
| Bottaro et al. (2007) [4] | PT | 2x/wk. for 10 wks | 40–60% 1RM | 11 | 66.6 (5.8) | 0 (0%) | Muscle power | Chest Press |
| ST | 2x/wk. for 10 wks | 40–60% 1RM | 9 | 66.3 (4.8) | 0 (0%) | Leg Press | ||
| Activity test: emphasis on movement speed | Timed up and go | |||||||
| Activity test: generic tests | Chair raise (reps) | |||||||
| Cadore et al. (2013) [30] | PT | 2x/wk. for 12 wks | 40–60% 1RM | 11 | 93.4 (3.2) | not reported | Activity test: emphasis on movement speed | Walking speed |
| MT | 4x/wk. for 12 wks | 30 min/day | 13 | 90.1 (1.1) | not reported | Timed up and go | ||
| Activity test: generic tests | Chair raise (reps) | |||||||
| Sit to stand transfer (W) | ||||||||
| Balance | ||||||||
| Fielding et al. (2002) [31] | PT | 3x/wk. for 16 wks | 70% 1RM | 15 | 73.2 (1.2) | 15 (100%) | Muscle power | Leg press |
| ST | 3x/wk. for 16 wks | 70% 1RM | 15 | 72.1 (1.3) | 15 (100%) | |||
| Henwood et al. (2006) [5] | PT | 2x/wk. for 8 wks | 50–75% 1RM | 21 | 70.7 (5.5) | 14 (60%) | Muscle power | Chest press |
| ST | 2x/wk. for 8 wks | 45–75% 1RM | 20 | 70.2 (5.0) | 11 (50%) | Activity test: emphasis on movement speed | Chair rise (s) | |
| Walking speed | ||||||||
| Stair climb (s) | ||||||||
| Floor rise to stand | ||||||||
| Activity test: generic tests | 400 m walk test | |||||||
| Henwood et al. (2008) [32] | PT | 2x/wk. for 24 wks | 50–75% 1RM | 19 | 71.2 (1.3) | 12 (63%) | Muscle power | Chest press |
| ST | 2x/wk. for 24 wks | 75% 1RM | 19 | 69.6 (1.1) | 12 (63%) | Leg press | ||
| Activity test: emphasis on movement speed | Chair Rise (s) | |||||||
| Walking speed | ||||||||
| Stair climb (s) | ||||||||
| Floor Rise to Stand (s) | ||||||||
| Activity test: generic tests | 400 m Walk Test | |||||||
| Lopes et al. (2014) [33] | PT | 3x/wk. for 12 wks | 70–90% 1RM | 11 | 63.3 (3.9) | not reported | Muscle power | Leg press |
| ST | 3x/wk. for 12 wks | 70–90% 1RM | 13 | 67.0 (6.1) | not reported | |||
| Marsh et al. (2009) [34] | PT | 3x/wk. for 12 wks | 70% 1RM | 12 | 76.8 (6.4) | 7 (58%) | Muscle power | Leg press |
| ST | 3x/wk. for 12 wks | 70% 1RM | 11 | 74.6 (5.4) | 9 (82%) | Activity test: emphasis on movement speed | SPPB | |
| Miszko et al. (2003) [7] | PT | 3x/wk. for 16 wks | 50–80/40% 1RM | 11 | 72.3 (6.7) | 6 (55%) | Muscle power | Chest press |
| ST | 3x/wk. for 16 wks | 50–80% 1RM | 13 | 72.8 (5.4) | 7 (54%) | Activity test: emphasis on movement speed | SPPB | |
| Activity test: generic tests | Balance | |||||||
| Orr et al. (2006) [35] | PT | 2x/wk. for 10 wks | 80% 1RM | 24 | 69.0 (6.4) | 17 (61%) | Muscle Power | Leg Press |
| ST | 2x/wk. for 10 wks | 50% 1RM | 25 | 68.1 (4.5) | 17 (61%) | Activity test: generic tests | Balance | |
| ST | 2x/wk. for 10 wks | 20% 1RM | 25 | 69.4 (5.8) | 17 (61%) | |||
| Ramirez-Campillo et al. (2014) [19] | PT | 3x/wk. for 12 wks | 45% - /75% | 20 | 66.3 (3.7) | 20 (100%) | Muscle Power | Chest press |
| ST | 3x/wk. for 12 wks | 75% 1RM | 20 | 68.7 (6.4) | 20 (100%) | Leg press | ||
| Activity test: emphasis on movement speed | CMJ (cm) | |||||||
| Walking speed | ||||||||
| Timed up and go | ||||||||
| Activity test: generic tests | Chair raise (reps) | |||||||
| Sit to stand transfer | ||||||||
| Reid et al. (2013) [36] | PT | 2x/wk. for 16 wks | 40% 1RM | 27 | 78.3 (5.0) | 15 (56%) | Muscle power | Leg press |
| ST | 2x/wk. for 16 wks | 70% 1RM | 25 | 77.6 (4.0) | 18 (72%) | |||
| Tiggeman et al. (2016) [37] | PT | 2x/wk. for 12 wks | 45/55/65% 1RM | 12 | 64.4 (4.0) | 12 (100%) | Activity test: emphasis on movement speed | CMJ (cm) |
| ST | 2x/wk. for 12 wks | 45/55/65% 1RM | 13 | 65.6 (5.3) | 13 (100%) | Chair rise (s) | ||
| Timed up and go | ||||||||
| Stair climb (s) | ||||||||
| Activity test: generic tests | 6 Min Walking test | |||||||
| Zech et al. (2012) [38] | PT | 2x/wk. for 12 wks | 10–16 RPE | 16 | 77.4 (6.2) | not reported | Activity test: emphasis on movement speed | SPPB |
| ST | 2x/wk. for 12 wks | 10–16 RPE | 18 | 77.8 (6.1) | not reported | Activity test: generic tests | Sit to stand transfer | |
| Balance |
Legend: PT power training, ST strength training, MT mobility training, SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, 1RM 1-repetition maximum, RPE rate of perceived exertion, s seconds, reps repetitions, W Watt