Table 3.
Quality assessment according to Newcastle–Ottawa of the included studies (n = 18)
| References | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Stars | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representativeness of the sample | Sample size | Non-respondents | Ascertainment of the exposure | Control for confounders | Assessment of the outcome | Statistical test | ||
| Vitek et al. [35] | b | b | c | a** | c | b** | b | 4* |
| Manzano et al. [36] | c | a* | c | a** | c | b** | c | 5* |
| DeMattei et al. [37] | c | b | c | a** | c | b** | c | 4* |
| Luppanapornlarp et al. [38] | c | b | c | a** | ab** | b** | a* | 7* |
| Soni et al. [39] | c | b | c | c | c | a** | c | 2* |
| Orellana et al. [40] | c | b | c | c | b* | b** | b | 3* |
| Rekha et al. [41] | c | b | c | a** | c | b** | c | 4* |
| Muppa et al. [42] | c | b | c | c | c | b** | c | 2* |
| Vellappally et al. [43] | c | b | c | a** | c | a** | c | 4* |
| Du et al. [44] | c | b | c | c | b* | b** | b | 3* |
| Alkhadra [45] | c | b | c | a** | c | b** | c | 4* |
| Fontaine-Sylvestre et al. [46] | c | b | c | a** | ab** | b** | a* | 7* |
| Alkhabuli et al. [47] | c | b | c | a** | c | b** | c | 4* |
| Kuter and Guler [48] | b* | b | c | c | b* | b** | b | 4* |
| Leiva-Garcia et al. [49] | c | b | c | a** | b* | b** | b | 5* |
| Orellana et al. [50] | c | b | c | c | c | a** | c | 2* |
| Mangione et al. [51] | c | b | c | a** | c | b** | c | 4* |
| Bagattoni et al. [52] | c | b | c | a** | c | b** | c | 4* |