Table 2.
Associations between musculoskeletal symptoms and demographic characteristics and COVID-19 course in participants.
| Symptom | Gender |
Presence of underlying disease |
Hospitalization |
ICU admission |
Occupation |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | P-value | Yes | No | P-value | Yes | No | P-value | Yes | No | P-value | Unemployed | HCW | Other | P-value | ||
| Fatigue | No | 3 (4.2%) | 18 (10.8%) | 0.132 | 3 (7.3%) | 18 (9.1%) | 0.007 | 2 (8.7%) | 19 (8.8%) | 0.169 | 1 (10.0%) | 20 (8.7%) | 0.984 | 7 (9.9%) | 1 (2.2%) | 13 (10.7%) | 0.055 |
| 0–4 weeks | 41 (56.9%) | 74 (44.3%) | 17 (41.5%) | 98 (49.5%) | 8 (34.8%) | 107 (49.5%) | 5 (50.0%) | 110 (48.0%) | 27 (38.0%) | 21 (45.7%) | 67 (54.9%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 14 (19.4%) | 46 (27.5%) | 6 (14.6%) | 54 (27.3%) | 5 (21.7%) | 55 (25.5%) | 2 (20.0%) | 58 (25.3%) | 20 (28.2%) | 17 (37.0%) | 23 (18.9%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 14 (19.4%) | 29 (17.4%) | 15 (36.6%) | 28 (14.1%) | 8 (31.8%) | 35 (16.2%) | 2 (20.0%) | 41 (17.9%) | 17 (23.9%) | 7 (15.2%) | 19 (15.6%) | ||||||
| Headache | No | 30 (41.7%) | 60 (35.9%) | 0.461 | 8 (19.5%) | 82 (41.4%) | 0.059 | 9 (39.1%) | 81 (37.5%) | 0.459 | 3 (30.0%) | 87 (38.0%) | 0.339 | 16 (22.5%) | 22 (47.8%) | 52 (42.6%) | 0.059 |
| 0–4 weeks | 29 (40.3%) | 79 (47.3%) | 23 (56.1%) | 85 (42.9%) | 8 (34.8%) | 100 (46.3%) | 4 (40.0%) | 104 (45.4%) | 42 (59.2%) | 16 (34.8%) | 50 (41.0%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 10 (13.9%) | 16 (9.6%) | 7 (17.1%) | 19 (9.6%) | 3 (13.0%) | 23 (10.6%) | 1 (10.0%) | 25 (10.9%) | 8 (11.3%) | 4 (8.7%) | 14 (11.5%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 3 (4.2%) | 12 (7.2%) | 3 (7.3%) | 12 (6.1%) | 3 (13.0%) | 12 (13.0%) | 2 (20.0%) | 13 (5.7%) | 5 (7.0%) | 4 (8.7%) | 6 (4.9%) | ||||||
| Arthralgia | No | 26 (36.1%) | 66 (39.5%) | 0.163 | 16 (39.0%) | 76 (38.4%) | 0.186 | 9 (39.1%) | 83 (38.4%) | 0.009 | 5 (50.0%) | 87 (38.0%) | 0.491 | 25 (35.2%) | 18 (39.1%) | 49 (40.2%) | 0.106 |
| 0–4 weeks | 37 (51.4%) | 64 (38.3%) | 13 (31.7%) | 88 (44.4%) | 5 (21.7%) | 96 (44.4%) | 2 (20.0%) | 99 (43.2%) | 26 (36.6%) | 20 (43.5%) | 55 (45.1%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 5 (6.9%) | 15 (9.0%) | 4 (9.8%) | 16 (8.1%) | 2 (8.7%) | 18 (8.3%) | 1 (10.0%) | 19 (8.3%) | 6 (8.5%) | 6 (13.0%) | 8 (6.6%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 4 (5.6%) | 22 (13.2%) | 8 (19.5%) | 18 (9.1%) | 2 (30.4%) | 19 (8.8%) | 2 (20.0%) | 24 (10.5%) | 14 (19.7%) | 2 (4.3%) | 10 (8.2%) | ||||||
| Myalgia | No | 13 (18.1%) | 34 (20.4%) | 0.326 | 6 (14.6%) | 41 (20.7%) | 0.007 | 6 (26.1%) | 41 (19.0%) | 0.066 | 3 (30.0%) | 44 (19.2%) | 0.052 | 11 (15.5%) | 6 (13.0%) | 30 (24.6%) | 0.052 |
| 0–4 weeks | 48 (66.7%) | 92 (55.1%) | 21 (51.2%) | 119 (60.1%) | 9 (39.1%) | 131 (60.6%) | 2 (20.0%) | 138 (60.3%) | 38 (53.5%) | 29 (63.0%) | 73 (59.8%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 6 (8.3%) | 19 (11.4%) | 3 (7.3%) | 22 (11.1%) | 2 (8.7%) | 23 (10.6%) | 3 (30.0%) | 22 (9.6%) | 9 (12.7%) | 8 (17.4%) | 8 (6.6%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 5 (6.9%) | 22 (13.2%) | 11 (26.8%) | 16 (8.1%) | 6 (26.1%) | 21 (9.7%) | 2 (20.0%) | 25 (10.9%) | 9 (12.7%) | 3 (6.5%) | 11 (9.0%) | ||||||
| Neck pain | No | 52 (72.2%) | 113 (67.7%) | 0.591 | 22 (53.7%) | 143 (72.2%) | 0.009 | 18 (78.3%) | 147 (68.1%) | 0.270 | 8 (80.0%) | 157 (68.6%) | 0.755 | 46 (64.8%) | 30 (35.2%) | 89 (73.0%) | 0.214 |
| 0–4 weeks | 14 (19.4%) | 30 (18.0%) | 8 (19.5%) | 36 (18.2%) | 2 (8.7%) | 42 (19.4%) | 1 (10.0%) | 43 (18.8%) | 14 (19.7%) | 8 (17.4%) | 22 (18.0%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 3 (4.2%) | 9 (5.4%) | 3 (7.3%) | 9 (4.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (5.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (5.2%) | 2 (2.8%) | 5 (10.9%) | 5 (4.1%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 3 (4.2%) | 15 (9.0%) | 8 (19.5%) | 10 (5.1%) | 3 (13.0%) | 15 (6.9%) | 1 (10.0%) | 17 (7.4%) | 9 (12.7%) | 3 (6.5%) | 6 (4.9%) | ||||||
| Back pain | No | 43 (59.7%) | 91 (54.5%) | 0.704 | 19 (46.3%) | 115 (58.1%) | 0.319 | 14 (60.9%) | 120 (55.6%) | 0.769 | 9 (90.0%) | 125 (54.6%) | 0.126 | 38 (53.5%) | 26 (56.5%) | 70 (57.4%) | 0.119 |
| 0–4 weeks | 19 (26.4%) | 43 (25.7%) | 11 (26.8%) | 51 (25.8%) | 4 (17.4%) | 58 (26.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 62 (27.1%) | 20 (28.2%) | 8 (17.4%) | 34 (27.9%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 6 (8.3%) | 17 (10.2%) | 5 (12.2%) | 18 (9.1%) | 3 (13.0%) | 20 (9.3%) | 1 (10.0%) | 22 (9.6%) | 4 (5.6%) | 9 (19.6%) | 10 (8.2%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 4 (5.6%) | 16 (9.6%) | 6 (14.6%) | 14 (7.1%) | 2 (8.7%) | 18 (8.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 20 (8.7%) | 9 (12.7%) | 3 (6.5%) | 8 (6.6%) | ||||||
| Low Back pain | No | 37 (51.4%) | 82 (49.1%) | 0.257 | 16 (39.0%) | 103 (52.0%) | 0.094 | 10 (43.5%) | 109 (50.5%) | 0.262 | 4 (40.0%) | 115 (50.2%) | 0.020 | 28 (39.4%) | 26 (56.5%) | 65 (53.3%) | 0.235 |
| 0–4 weeks | 27 (37.5%) | 53 (31.7%) | 14 (34.0%) | 66 (33.3%) | 6 (26.1%) | 74 (34.3%) | 1 (10.0%) | 79 (34.5%) | 28 (39.4%) | 12 (26.1%) | 40 (32.8%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 6 (8.3%) | 15 (9.0%) | 4 (9.8%) | 17 (8.6%) | 3 (13.0%) | 18 (8.3%) | 2 (20.0%) | 19 (8.3%) | 6 (8.5%) | 6 (13.0%) | 9 (7.4%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 2 (2.8%) | 17 (10.2%) | 7 (17.1%) | 12 (6.1%) | 4 (17.4%) | 15 (6.9%) | 3 (30.0%) | 16 (7.0%) | 9 (12.7%) | 2 (4.3%) | 8 (6.6%) | ||||||
| Hip pain | No | 55 (76.4%) | 130 (77.8%) | 0.599 | 29 (70.7%) | 156 (78.8%) | 0.434 | 15 (65.2%) | 170 (78.7%) | 0.001 | 9 (90.0%) | 176 (76.9%) | 0.464 | 47 (66.2%) | 38 (82.6%) | 100 (82.2%) | 0.088 |
| 0–4 weeks | 13 (18.1%) | 22 (13.2%) | 7 (17.1%) | 28 (14.1%) | 3 (13.0%) | 32 (14.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 35 (15.3%) | 13 (18.3%) | 6 (13.0%) | 16 (13.1%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 2 (2.8%) | 5 (3.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 6 (3.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (3.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (3.1%) | 3 (4.2%) | 1 (2.2%) | 3 (2.5%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 2 (2.8%) | 10 (6.0%) | 4 (9.8%) | 8 (4.0%) | 5 (21.7%) | 7 (3.2%) | 1 (10.0%) | 11 (4.8%) | 8 (11.3%) | 1 (2.2%) | 3 (2.5%) | ||||||
| Leg pain | No | 35 (48.6%) | 63 (37.7%) | 0.248 | 10 (24.4%) | 88 (44.4%) | 0.085 | 9 (39.1%) | 89 (41.2%) | 0.141 | 5 (50.0%) | 93 (40.6%) | 0.296 | 24 (33.8%) | 17 (37.0%) | 57 (46.7%) | 0.173 |
| 0–4 weeks | 25 (34.7%) | 62 (37.1%) | 17 (41.5%) | 70 (35.4%) | 5 (21.7%) | 82 (38.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 86 (37.6%) | 26 (36.6%) | 19 (41.3%) | 4 2 (34.4%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 7 (9.7%) | 17 (10.2%) | 6 (14.6%) | 18 (9.1%) | 3 (13.0%) | 21 (9.7%) | 2 (20.0%) | 22 (9.6%) | 6 (8.5%) | 6 (13.0%) | 12 (9.8%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 5 (6.9%) | 25 (15.0%) | 8 (19.5%) | 22 (11.1%) | 6 (26.1%) | 24 (11.1%) | 2 (20.0%) | 28 (12.2%) | 15 (21.1%) | 4 (8.7%) | 11 (9.0%) | ||||||
| Chest pain | No | 38 (52.8%) | 105 (62.9%) | 0.134 | 19 (46.3%) | 124 (62.6%) | 0.176 | 11 (47.8%) | 132 (61.1%) | 0.058 | 6 (60.0%) | 137 (59.8%) | 0.279 | 36 (50.7%) | 30 (65.2%) | 77 (63.1%) | 0.343 |
| 0–4 weeks | 21 (29.2%) | 45 (26.9%) | 17 (41.5%) | 49 (24.7%) | 5 (21.7%) | 61 (28.2%) | 1 (10.0%) | 65 (28.4%) | 24 (33.8%) | 11 (23.9%) | 31 (25.4%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 6 (8.3%) | 12 (7.2%) | 3 (7.3%) | 15 (7.6%) | 4 (17.4%) | 14 (6.5%) | 2 (20.0%) | 16 (7.0%) | 8 (11.3%) | 8 (8.7%) | 6 (4.9%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 7 (9.7%) | 5 (3.0%) | 2 (4.9%) | 10 (5.1%) | 3 (13.0%) | 9 (4.2%) | 1 (10.0%) | 11 (4.8%) | 3 (4.2%) | 1 (2.2%) | 8 (6.6%) | ||||||
| Bedridden due to fatigue | No | 41 (56.9%) | 97 (58.1%) | 0.070 | 20 (48.8%) | 118 (59.6%) | 0.102 | 3 (13.0%) | 135 (62.5%) | 0.001> | 0 (0.0%) | 138 (60.3%) | 0.001> | 36 (50.7%) | 26 (56.5%) | 76 (62.3%) | 0.465 |
| 0–4 weeks | 28 (38.9%) | 46 (27.5%) | 13 (31.7%) | 61 (30.8%) | 13 (56.5%) | 61 (28.2%) | 6 (60.0%) | 68 (29.7%) | 23 (32.4%) | 16 (34.8%) | 35 (28.7%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 2 (2.8%) | 10 (6.0%) | 2 (4.9%) | 10 (5.1%) | 3 (13.0%) | 9 (4.2%) | 1 (10.0%) | 11 (4.8%) | 4 (5.6%) | 2 (4.3%) | 6 (4.9%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 1 (1.4%) | 14 (8.4%) | 6 (14.6%) | 9 (4.5%) | 4 (17.4%) | 11 (5.1%) | 3 (30.0%) | 12 (5.2%) | 8 (11.3%) | 2 (4.3%) | 5 (4.1%) | ||||||
| Bedridden due to pain | No | 61 (84.7%) | 114 (68.3%) | 0.037 | 29 (70.7%) | 146 (73.7%) | 0.097 | 13 (56.5%) | 162 (75.0%) | 0.024 | 5 (50.0%) | 170 (74.2%) | 0.003 | 41 (57.7%) | 36 (78.3%) | 98 (80.3%) | 0.018 |
| 0–4 weeks | 10 (13.9%) | 37 (22.2%) | 7 (17.1%) | 40 (20.2%) | 5 (21.7%) | 42 (19.4%) | 2 (20.0%) | 45 (19.7%) | 20 (28.2%) | 8 (17.4%) | 19 (15.6%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (3.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (2.5%) | 1 (4.3%) | 4 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (2.2%) | 2 (2.8%) | 1 (2.2%) | 2 (1.6%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 1 (1.4%) | 11 (6.6%) | 5 (12.2%) | 7 (3.5%) | 4 (17.4%) | 8 (3.7%) | 3 (30.0%) | 9 (3.9%) | 8 (11.3%) | 1 (2.2%) | 3 (2.5%) | ||||||
| Shortness of breath in rest | No | 43 (59.7%) | 120 (71.9%) | 0.126 | 15 (36.6%) | 135 (68.2%) | 0.260 | 10 (43.5%) | 153 (70.8%) | 0.003 | 2 (20.0%) | 158 (69.0%) | 0.352 | 33 (46.5%) | 31 (67.4%) | 61 (50.0%) | 0.106 |
| 0–4 weeks | 24 (33.3%) | 32 (19.2%) | 12 (29.3%) | 46 (23.2%) | 10 (43.5%) | 46 (21.3%) | 4 (40.0%) | 52 (22.7%) | 18 (25.4%) | 14 (30.4%) | 32 (26.2%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 3 (4.2%) | 10 (6.0%) | 6 (14.6%) | 10 (5.1%) | 1 (4.3%) | 12 (5.6%) | 2 (20.0%) | 13 (5.7%) | 10 (14.1%) | 1 (2.2%) | 15 (12.3%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 2 (2.8%) | 5 (3.0%) | 8 (19.5%) | 7 (3.5%) | 2 (8.7%) | 5 (2.3%) | 2 (20.0%) | 6 (2.6%) | 10 (14.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 14 (11.5%) | ||||||
| Shortness of breath in activity | No | 31 (43.1%) | 83 (49.7%) | 0.754 | 28 (68.3%) | 99 (50.0%) | 0.617 | 4 (17.4%) | 110 (50.9%) | 0.022 | 5 (50.0%) | 112 (48.9%) | 0.253 | 41 (57.7%) | 20 (43.5%) | 91 (74.6%) | 0.883 |
| 0–4 weeks | 21 (29.2%) | 42 (25.1%) | 10 (24.4%) | 51 (25.8%) | 7 (30.4%) | 56 (25.9%) | 4 (40.0%) | 59 (25.8%) | 21 (29.6%) | 13 (28.3%) | 21 (17.2%) | ||||||
| 4–12 weeks | 10 (13.9%) | 24 (14.4%) | 3 (7.3%) | 28 (14.1%) | 5 (21.7%) | 29 (13.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 32 (14.0%) | 5 (7.0%) | 9 (19.6%) | 7 (5.7%) | ||||||
| >12 weeks | 10 (13.9%) | 18 (10.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 20 (10.1%) | 2 (8.7%) | 21 (9.7%) | 1 (10.0%) | 26 (11.4%) | 4 (5.6%) | 4 (8.7%) | 3 (2.5%) | ||||||
Values are reported as number (%). Statistically significant values are bolded.