. 2022 Jul 28;12(15):1930. doi: 10.3390/ani12151930

Table 7.

Effect of Tribulus Terrestris (TT) supplementation on the intestinal morphology in broiler chickens.

Variables	Treatments ¹			SEM ²	p-Value
Variables	Control	T1	T2	SEM ²	p-Value
At14 days of age
Small intestine weight (g)	19.33 ^b	23.61 ^a	18.09 ^b	1.08	0.004
Small intestine length (cm)	118.75 ^b	131.56 ^a	130.04 ^a	2.26	0.001
Small intestine length (%)
Duodenum	17.93 ^a	16.66 ^a,b	16.13 ^b	0.50	0.050
Jejunum	44.00	44.19	41.90	0.93	0.183
Ileum	38.06 ^b	39.14 ^b	41.96 ^a	0.92	0.019
W/L ratio ³ (g/cm)	0.163 ^a	0.177 ^a	0.138 ^b	0.007	0.007
At 35 days of age
Small intestine weight (g)	55.91 ^b	63.31 ^a	60.26 ^a,b	1.79	0.027
Small intestine length (cm)	177.38	176.21	180.53	3.53	0.676
Small intestine length (%)
Duodenum	16.25	16.91	15.97	0.42	0.303
Jejunum	42.38	42.28	43.32	0.43	0.197
Ileum	41.37	40.80	40.69	0.53	0.638
W/L ratio ³ (g/cm)	0.313 ^b	0.360 ^a	0.333 ^a,b	0.009	0.009

^a,b Means values within a row for each variable with clarification of the significant difference in the form of superscripts (p < 0.05). ¹ Treatments: control, birds fed basal diet; T1, basal diet with 0.75 g Tribulus Terrestris/kg diet; T2, basal diet with 1.5 g Tribulus Terrestris/kg diet. ² SEM = standard error of means for treatment effect. ³ W/L ratio: intestine weight to length ratio.