Table 1.

Mechanism of action of mabs and antivirals.

SARS-CoV-2 mabs	Approval date	Mechanism of action
Bamlanivimab	March 2021	Binds to RDB of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and prevents the attachment with the human ACE2 receptor
Bamlanivimab/etesevimab	February 2021	Binds to different but overlapping sites on the RDB, blocking its attachment to the human ACE2 receptor
Casirivimab/imdevimab	February 2021	Binds to non-overlapping epitopes of the spike protein RBB of SARS-CoV-2, blocking ACE2 receptor binding
Sotrovimab	August 2021	RDB binding; inhibits an undefined step that occurs after virus attachment and before fusion of the viral and cell membranes
Antivirals	Approval date	Mechanism of action
Lopinavir/ritonavir	February 2020	Inhibition of papain-like protease (PLpro) e main protease (Mpro), preventing viral replication (off-label use)
Darunavir/ritonavir	February 2020	Inhibition of PLpro e Mpro, preventing viral replication (off-label use)
Remdesivir	February 2021	Stalling RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) causing chain termination of newly formed RNA strain
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir	December 2021	Peptidomimetic inhibitor of Mpro, rendering it incapable of processing polyprotein precursors, preventing viral replication
Molnupiravir	November 2021	Interaction with RdRp, inducing mutagenesis in viral RNA