Figure 2.
Summary of the roles of BAs-derived taurine. Various bacterial strains have the capacity to deconjugate BAs. The released unconjugated BAs modulate gut microbiota composition, signal various functions through its receptors, and impact nutrient uptake. BAs are also submitted modifications by microbiota, including reconjugation and generation of secondary BAs. The faith of taurine released from conjugated BAs in the intestine can follow various paths. It is metabolized for energy and generates secondary metabolites, which, such as H2S, may play a role in interacting with bacteria, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Taurine also signals within the intestine to extinguish inflammation and prevent pathogens colonization. Additionally, various compounds can conjugate taurine, and, e.g., conjugation to GSH enhances taurine uptake during caloric restriction. The exported taurine plays various roles in other organs, particularly in the nerve system as well as in mitochondria all over the body.