Table 6.
Concentrations of trace minerals in allantoic fluid and amniotic fluid from beef heifers at d 83 of gestation as influenced by maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation (VMSUP) and two different rates of gain (GAIN; low rate, 0.28 kg/d (LG) or moderate rate, 0.79 kg/d (MG)).
| Mineral Concentration, ng/mL | NoVTM 1 | VTM 2 | SEM 4 | p-Value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LG | MG 3 | LG | MG 3 | VMSUP | GAIN | VMSUP × GAIN | ||
| Allantoic Fluid | ||||||||
| Selenium | 12.03 | 10.39 | 15.03 | 18.22 | 1.29 | <0.01 | 0.53 | 0.06 |
| Copper | 24.74 | 25.31 | 30.21 | 31.94 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.74 | 0.87 |
| Zinc | 50.00 | 50.00 | 62.33 | 50.00 | 5.19 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 |
| Molybdenum | 50.86 | 38.31 | 42.42 | 57.37 | 6.23 | 0.38 | 0.84 | 0.03 |
| Manganese | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.01 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 |
| Cobalt | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.03 | <0.01 | 0.18 | 0.30 |
| Amniotic Fluid | ||||||||
| Selenium | 1.49 | 1.48 | 1.61 | 1.61 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.93 | 0.93 |
| Copper | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 32.23 | 5.81 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 |
| Zinc | 50.49 | 53.74 | 50.82 | 50.00 | 2.08 | 0.39 | 0.55 | 0.31 |
| Molybdenum | 6.72 | 6.47 | 6.15 | 5.43 | 0.53 | 0.13 | 0.35 | 0.65 |
| Manganese | 1.53 | 1.00 | 1.64 | 1.00 | 0.37 | 0.88 | 0.13 | 0.88 |
| Cobalt | nd | nd | nd | nd | - | - | - | - |
1 NoVTM: No vitamin and mineral supplement was a pelleted product fed at a 0.45 kg·heifer−1·day−1 with no added vitamin and mineral supplement. 2 VTM: Vitamin mineral supplement was a pelleted product fed at a 0.45 kg·heifer−1·day−1 (consisting of 113 g of a vitamin and mineral supplement, formulated to deliver similar levels of vitamins and minerals that were fed pre-breeding and 337 g of a carrier). 3 Heifers fed a pelleted blend of ground corn, dried distillers grains plus solubles, wheat midds, fish oil, urea, and ethoxyquin fed at a rate to achieve a targeted gain of 0.79 kg/d. 4 NoVTM-LG (n = 9); NoVTM-MG (n = 9); VTM-LG (n = 9); VTM-MG (n = 8). nd = not detected.