CMS1 classification is linked to immunotherapy susceptibility markers in GAC. (A,B). CMS1 demonstrated hypermutation compared to CMS2, CMS3, or CMS4 (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons), as well low somatic copy variation (SCNV) consistent with CMS1 in CRC. (C). Circos diagram demonstrating strong contingency between CMS1 in GAC and clinical markers of immunotherapy response: MSI-H, TMB, GEP, POLE/POLD1, and checkpoint. (D). Tumor microenvironment and immune markers from the TIMER/Cistrome and ESTIMATE projects relative to GAC CMS type, demonstrating enrichment of CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and Th cells in CMS1 and enrichment of stroma, endothelia, CAF, and macrophage markers in CMS4. (E,F). Violin plot demonstrating enriched expression of CD274 (PD-L1) in CMS1 compared to CMS2-4 (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons), with increased association compared to standard clinical subtypes of GAC.