Figure 6.

GFPA attenuated metaflammation by regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling in the livers of mice with DIO. GFPA suppressed the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β and the phosphorylation levels of IKK(α+β), IκBα and NF-κB in the livers of HFD-fed mice. Quantification data were normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) or the corresponding total protein concentration. Data are expressed as means ± S.E.M. (n = 3). ^# p < 0.05 and ^### p < 0.001 versus NCD-fed mice; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 versus HFD-fed mice.