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. 2022 Aug 7;11(15):2366. doi: 10.3390/foods11152366

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of phytol on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cells from M0 macrophages were incubated in the presence of LPS and IFNγ, for M1 control, or with IL-4 for the M2 control, or with 10–100 mM Phytol for an additional 24 h. Using ELISA protocols, in polarized macrophage culture supernatants, the concentrations of (A) IL-1β, (B) IL-6, and (C) TNFα were measured. The values are means ± SD (n = 3) and, if marked with different letters, they are significantly different (p < 0.01).