Table 1.
Quality Assessment.
| Subscale | Items | Davidson, K., and McNaughton, L (2000) [19] |
Kanitz et al. (2019) [20] |
Colato et al. (2016) [21] |
Assis et al. (2006) [22] |
Broman et al. (2006) [10] |
Cuesta-Vargas et al. (2012) [23] |
Alberti et al. (2017) [24] |
Michaud et al. (1995) [25] |
Mckenzie et al. (1991) [26] |
Wilber et al. (1996) [27] |
Eyestone et al. (1993) [28] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reporting | 1. Hypothesis/aim/objective clearly described | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| 2. Main outcomes clearly described | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| 3. Characteristics of the patients clearly described | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | |
| 4. Intervention and comparison group clearly described | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| 5. Distributions of principal confounders in each group of subjects clearly described | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | |
| 6. Main findings clearly described | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | |
| 7. Estimates of the random variability for the main outcomes provided | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | |
| 10. Actual p values reported for main outcomes | Y | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | Y | |
| External validity | 11. Subjects asked to participate represented the population | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | N |
| 12. Subjects prepared to participate represented the population | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
| Internal validity-Bias | 15. Blinded outcome assessment | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| 18. Appropriate statistical tests performed | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | |
| 20. Accurate outcome measure used (reliable and valid) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| Internal validity-Confounding | 23. Subjects randomized to intervention groups | N | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | Y |
| 24. Concealed allocation from subjects and investigators | N | Y | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | |
| 26. Losses to follow-up taken into account | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | |
| Power | 27. Power calculation | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | N | N | N | N |