Table 2.
Factors associated with post-traumatic stress.
| Variables | Post-Traumatic Stress | p * | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 223) | Yes (n = 339) | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Age (years) ** | 14.16 ± 1.52 | 14.59 ± 1.31 | 0.001 |
| Gender | <0.001 | ||
| Male | 42 (63.6) | 24 (36.4) | |
| Female | 181 (36.5) | 315 (63.5) | |
| School grade | 0.001 | ||
| First | 47 (56.6) | 36 (43.4) | |
| Second | 31 (49.2) | 32 (50.8) | |
| Third | 28 (39.4) | 43 (60.6) | |
| Fourth | 46 (31.5) | 100 (68.5) | |
| Fifth | 71 (35.7) | 128 (64.3) | |
| Compliance with isolation measures | 0.823 | ||
| No | 9 (37.5) | 15 (62.5) | |
| Yes | 214 (39.8) | 324 (60.2) | |
| COVID-19 pandemic severity degree | 0.562 | ||
| Very serious | 159 (39.5) | 244 (60.6) | |
| Serious | 43 (39.5) | 66 (60.6) | |
| Neutral | 12 (44.4) | 15 (55.6) | |
| Overrated | 2 (20.0) | 8 (80.0) | |
| Really overrated | 7 (53.9) | 6 (46.2) | |
| Trust in the government to manage the COVID-19 pandemic | <0.001 | ||
| Much trust | 12 (66.7) | 6 (33.3) | |
| Little trust | 79 (51.0) | 76 (49.0) | |
| Not trust, nor distrust | 55 (30.9) | 123 (69.1) | |
| Little distrust | 43 (36.1) | 76 (63.9) | |
| Much distrust | 34 (37.0) | 58 (63.0) | |
| Family member who have suffered from COVID-19 | 0.224 | ||
| No | 60 (44.1) | 76 (55.9) | |
| Yes | 163 (38.3) | 263 (61.7) | |
| Family member deceased due to COVID-19 | 0.907 | ||
| No | 114 (39.5) | 175 (60.6) | |
| Yes | 109 (39.9) | 164 (60.1) | |
| Previous history of mental health disorder | <0.001 | ||
| No | 219 (44.4) | 274 (55.6) | |
| Yes | 4 (5.8) | 65 (94.2) | |
| Mental health support search | <0.001 | ||
| No | 205 (44.5) | 256 (55.5) | |
| Yes | 18 (17.9) | 83 (82.2) | |
| Depression | <0.001 | ||
| Minimal | 91 (81.3) | 21 (18.8) | |
| Mild | 59 (41.6) | 83 (58.5) | |
| Moderate | 21 (22.6) | 72 (77.4) | |
| Moderate to serious | 5 (7.7) | 60 (92.3) | |
| Serious | 0 (0.0) | 63 (100) | |
| Anxiety | <0.001 | ||
| No | 124 (70.9) | 51 (29.1) | |
| Mild | 34 (26.4) | 95 (73.6) | |
| Moderate | 11 (12.1) | 80 (87.9) | |
| Severe | 1 (1.5) | 67 (98.5) | |
| Resilience ** | 26.99 ± 8.26 | 22.78 ±7.58 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol | 0.179 | ||
| Low risk | 175 (38.2) | 283 (61.8) | |
| Medium risk | 8 (27.6) | 21 (72.4) | |
| High risk | 0 (0.0) | 4 (100.0) | |
| Probable addiction | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100.0) | |
| Childhood trauma | <0.001 | ||
| No | 124 (47.2) | 139 (52.9) | |
| Yes | 42 (21.7) | 152 (78.4) | |
| Family APGAR | <0.001 | ||
| Normal | 129 (62.9) | 76 (37.1) | |
| Mild | 42 (30.9) | 94 (62.1) | |
| Moderate | 23 (22.8) | 78 (77.2) | |
| Severe | 29 (24.2) | 91 (75.8) | |
* p value calculated with the chi-square of independence. ** Mean and standard deviation. p value calculated with the Student’s t test.