Table 3.
Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in students at three schools in Chiclayo, 2021, simple and multiple regression analysis.
| Characteristics | Post-Traumatic Stress | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Regression | Multiple Regression * | |||||
| PR | 95% CI | p ** | PR | 95% CI | p ** | |
| Age (years) | 1.09 | 1.04–1.15 | 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.87–1.14 | 0.948 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Female | 1.75 | 1.26–2.42 | 0.001 | 1.33 | 0.98–1.80 | 0.065 |
| School grade | ||||||
| First | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Second | 1.17 | 0.83–1.66 | 0.371 | 0.89 | 0.65–1.21 | 0.454 |
| Third | 1.40 | 1.02–1.90 | 0.035 | 0.78 | 0.54–1.13 | 0.196 |
| Fourth | 1.58 | 1.21–2.07 | 0.001 | 0.88 | 0.57- 1.36 | 0.567 |
| Fifth | 1.48 | 1.14–1.94 | 0.004 | 0.91 | 0.53–1.57 | 0.738 |
| Compliance with isolation measures | ||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Yes | 0.96 | 0.70–1.32 | 0.819 | 1.01 | 0.80–1.27 | 0.949 |
| COVID-19 pandemic severity degree | ||||||
| Very serious | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Serious | 1.00 | 0.84–1.19 | 0.999 | 1.00 | 0.88–1.14 | 0.998 |
| Neutral | 0.92 | 0.65–1.30 | 0.627 | 1.12 | 0.76–1.64 | 0.570 |
| Overrated | 1.32 | 0.96–1.82 | 0.088 | 1.10 | 0.77–1.56 | 0.614 |
| Really overrated | 0.76 | 0.42–1.38 | 0.370 | 0.66 | 0.35–1.24 | 0.197 |
| Trust in the government management | ||||||
| Much trust | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Little trust | 1.47 | 0.75–2.88 | 0.261 | 1.36 | 0.74–2.48 | 0.321 |
| Not trust, nor distrust | 2.07 | 1.07–4.02 | 0.031 | 1.59 | 0.88–2.89 | 0.126 |
| Little trust | 1.92 | 0.98–3.74 | 0.056 | 1.65 | 0.90–3.02 | 0.102 |
| Much distrust | 1.89 | 0.97–3.70 | 0.063 | 1.55 | 0.84–2.87 | 0.159 |
| Family member with recent COVID-19 | ||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Yes | 1.10 | 0.93–1.31 | 0.243 | 0.98 | 0.85–1.22 | 0.731 |
| Close relative deceased due to COVID-19 | ||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Yes | 0.99 | 0.87–1.13 | 0.907 | 1.01 | 0.90–1.13 | 0.892 |
| Previous history of mental health disorders | ||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Yes | 1.69 | 1.53–1.87 | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.87–1.10 | 0.711 |
| Seeking mental health support | ||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Yes | 1.48 | 1.31 – 1.67 | <0.001 | 1.20 | 1.06 – 1.35 | 0.003 |
| Depression | ||||||
| Minimal | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Mild | 3.12 | 2.07–4.70 | <0.001 | 2.11 | 1.37–3.24 | 0.001 |
| Moderate | 4.13 | 2.76–6.17 | <0.001 | 2.44 | 1.57–3.79 | <0.001 |
| Moderate to serious | 4.92 | 3.33–7.29 | <0.001 | 2.57 | 1.66–4.00 | <0.001 |
| Serious | 5.33 | 3.63–7.85 | <0.001 | 2.62 | 1.67–4.09 | <0.001 |
| Anxiety | ||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Mild | 2.53 | 1.96–3.26 | <0.001 | 1.68 | 1.29–2.18 | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 3.02 | 2.36–3.85 | <0.001 | 1.62 | 1.23–2.12 | 0.001 |
| Severe | 3.38 | 2.68–4.27 | <0.001 | 1.71 | 1.31–2.24 | <0.001 |
| Resilience | 0.98 | 0.97–0.99 | <0.001 | 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 | 0.006 |
| Alcohol | ||||||
| Low risk | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Medium risk | 1.71 | 0.93–1.48 | 0.188 | 0.97 | 0.78–1.21 | 0.809 |
| High risk | 1.62 | 1.51–1.74 | <0.001 | 1.11 | 0.75–1.66 | 0.603 |
| Probable addiction | 1.62 | 1.51–1.74 | <0.001 | 1.51 | 0.91–2.53 | 0.114 |
| Childhood trauma | ||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Yes | 1.48 | 1.29–1.70 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 0.93–1.17 | 0.479 |
| Family APGAR | ||||||
| Normal | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
| Mild | 1.86 | 1.51–2.30 | <0.001 | 1.37 | 1.14–1.65 | 0.001 |
| Moderate | 2.08 | 1.69–2.56 | <0.001 | 1.26 | 1.04–1.54 | 0.021 |
| Severe | 2.05 | 1.67–2.51 | <0.001 | 1.08 | 0.89–1.31 | 0.461 |
* Adjusted for covariates of interest. ** p values obtained with generalized linear models (GLM), Poisson family, log-link function, robust variance.