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. 2022 Jul 27;11(15):2240. doi: 10.3390/foods11152240

Table 1.

Statistical results from different mathematical models.

Model Name HAD IR-HAD IR-HAD + HAD
55 °C 65 °C 75 °C 55 °C 65 °C 75 °C 55 °C 65 °C 75 °C
Two-Term a 0.5042 0.5069 0.5180 0.9650 0.9167 1.018 0.8539 0.8291 0.8373
MR = aexp (−k × t) + bexp (−k1 × t) k 0.0016 0.0021 0.0027 0.0052 0.0044 0.0091 0.0017 0.0024 0.0048
b 0.5041 0.5068 0.5177 0.1164 0.2278 0.6357 0.8329 0.6127 0.3396
k1 0.0016 0.0021 0.0027 0.9228 0.0710 0.7537 0.6072 0.4640 0.7922
R 2 0.9972 0.9987 0.9960 0.9940 0.9955 0.9791 0.9804 0.9796 0.9825
RMSE 0.0198 0.0121 0.0222 0.0185 0.0154 0.0356 0.0355 0.0349 0.0298
SSE 6.3 × 10−3 2.5 × 10−3 9.3 × 10−3 5.5 × 10−3 3.8 × 10−3 7.6 × 10−3 2.0 × 10−2 2.2 × 10−2 7.1 × 10−3
AIC −118.85 −144.87 −157.16 −206.99 −176.85 −58.05 −132.09 −138.22 −79.09
BIC −127.38 −152.94 −163.98 −213.06 −183.67 −73.12 −139.16 −145.04 −90.73
Page k 0.0011 0.0018 0.0010 0.0075 0.0062 0.0061 0.0110 0.0155 0.0174
MR = exp (−k × tn) n 1.0626 1.0997 1.1493 0.9209 0.9741 1.0779 0.7310 0.7276 0.7800
R 2 0.9982 0.9987 0.9976 0.9953 0.9959 0.9962 0.9922 0.9908 0.9957
RMSE 0.0146 0.0101 0.0180 0.0191 0.0187 0.0235 0.0230 0.0240 0.0161
SSE 5.1 × 10−3 3.4 × 10−3 6.4 × 10−3 7.3 × 10−3 6.7 × 10−3 3.9 × 10−3 9.5 × 10−3 1.2 × 10−2 3.6 × 10−3
AIC −130.05 −146.62 −171.80 −205.54 −170.79 −77.96 −154.31 −157.97 −97.83
BIC −135.82 −152.26 −177.06 −210.55 −176.05 −85.31 −159.64 −163.23 −104.41
Logarithmic a 1.0752 1.0519 1.1001 0.9751 1.0048 1.0807 0.8401 0.8209 0.8373
MR = aexp (−k × t) + b k 0.0015 0.0020 0.0021 0.0044 0.0047 0.0073 0.0018 0.0026 0.0047
b −0.0813 −0.0441 −0.1316 −0.0183 −0.0374 −0.1166 0.0228 0.0225 0.0252
R 2 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9952 0.9977 0.9993 0.9826 0.9812 0.9846
RMSE 0.0065 0.0078 0.0074 0.0200 0.0142 0.0141 0.0335 0.0335 0.0236
SSE 8.6 × 10−4 7.8 × 10−4 1.1 × 10−3 7.6 × 10−3 3.6 × 10−3 7.4 × 10−4 1.9 × 10−2 2.1 × 10−2 1.2 × 10−2
AIC −156.83 −169.76 −207.52 −201.68 −181.44 −91.01 −136.66 −142.64 −77.84
BIC −163.77 −176.44 −213.48 −207.19 −187.40 −101.28 −142.77 −148.60 −86.45
Henderson-Pabis a 1.011 1.008 1.025 0.9645 0.9332 1.018 0.8539 0.8291 0.8373
MR = aexp (−k × t) k 0.0017 0.0022 0.0026 0.0052 0.0045 0.0091 0.0016 0.0024 0.0048
R 2 0.9973 0.9984 0.9964 0.9947 0.9956 0.9843 0.9826 0.9816 0.9860
RMSE 0.0174 0.0138 0.0211 0.0175 0.0152 0.0294 0.0335 0.0331 0.0266
SSE 6.3 × 10−3 2.5 × 10−3 9.3 × 10−3 5.5 × 10−3 4.2 × 10−3 7.6 × 10−3 2.0 × 10−2 2.2 × 10−2 7.1 × 10−3
AIC −126.46 −152.16 −163.58 −212.90 −181.07 −70.62 −138.68 −144.64 −89.00
BIC −132.23 −157.79 −168.83 −217.91 −186.32 −77.97 −144.01 −149.89 −95.58

HAD, hot air drying; IR-HAD, combined infrared and hot air drying; IR-HAD + HAD, sequential IR-HAD and HAD.