PANDA	prolonged artificial nighttime-light dataset of China
NTL	nighttime light
NTLA	nighttime lighting area
NTLD	nighttime lighting density
NTLT	nighttime lighting types
BG	brightness gradient
DMSP–OLS	Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Linescane System
SVM	support vector machine
NDVI	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
NSA	neighborhood statistical analysis
NPP–VIIIRS	National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite
SVNG	spatial variation of NTL gradient
DN	digital number
LOT	local-optimization thresholding
ET	empirical thresholding
ConvLSTM	convolution long-term and short-term memory neural network
RMSE	root mean square error
DEM	Digital elevation model
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration
SRTM	Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
SEDAC	Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center
GDP	Gross National Product