Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Characteristics | n | % | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study designs | |||
| Prospective observational studies | 4 | 40 | [35,36,37,38] |
| Case–control studies | 5 | 50 | [39,40,41,42,43] |
| Cross-sectional studies | 1 | 10 | [44] |
| Study areas | |||
| Africa | 6 | 60 | [35,36,39,41,42,44] |
| Asia | 2 | 20 | [37,43] |
| Asia and Africa | 1 | 10 | [40] |
| Europe | 1 | 10 | [38] |
| Plasmodium spp . | |||
| P . falciparum | 8 | 80 | [35,36,39,40,41,42,43,44] |
| P . vivax | 1 | 10 | [37] |
| P . falciparum /P . vivax /P . ovale /P . malariae | 1 | 10 | [38] |
| Participants | |||
| Children | 6 | 60 | [35,36,39,41,42,44] |
| Adults | 3 | 30 | [37,38,43] |
| All age groups | 1 | 10 | [40] |
| Methods of malaria detection | |||
| Microscopy | 8 | 80 | [35,36,37,39,40,41,42,44] |
| Microscopy/RDT/PCR | 1 | 10 | [43] |
| Microscopy/PCR/IFA | 1 | 10 | [38] |
| Methods for IL -12 quantification | |||
| ELISA | 9 | 90 | [35,36,37,38,39,40,42,43,44] |
| BD Pharmingen | [39] | ||
| R&D Systems | [36,40,42] | ||
| BD Biosciences | [41,43] | ||
| BioSource | [35] | ||
| Abcam | [44] | ||
| Diaclone | [37] | ||
| BenderMedSystems | [38] | ||
| Bead-based assay (BD Biosciences) | 1 | 10 | [41] |
| IL-12 subunit | |||
| IL-12 (subunit not defined) | 7 | 70 | [36,37,38,39,42,43,44] |
| IL-12 (p70 heterodimer and p40 chain) | 1 | 10 | [35] |
| IL-12p70 | 2 | 20 | [40,41] |
Abbreviation: ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IFA, Indirect fluorescent antibody test; PCR, Polymerase chain reaction; RDT, Rapid diagnostic tests.